Household food insecurity (HFI) is a powerful stressor negatively associated with early childhood development (ECD). However, no comprehensive review has examined the association of HFI and ECD. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the association between HFI and ECD domains and subdomains in children under 5 years old. Peer‐reviewed and grey literature were systematically searched in electronic databases with no year or language restrictions. Studies were eligible if they assessed the association between HFI and one or more ECD domains. Data were extracted using a standard predefined protocol. Meta‐analysis was performed, and the heterogeneity across studies was explored. Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review and 14 in the meta‐analysis. Of the studies, 15 were from high income countries (HICs) and four from low–middle income countries (LMICs). For developmental risk and the cognitive/math and cognitive/school readiness and reading subdomains, the only studies available were conducted in HICs. The meta‐analysis showed that HFI was associated with developmental risk (OR 1.28; 95% CI [1.14, 1.45]), cognitive/vocabulary (OR 0.94; 95% CI [0.90, 0.98]), and cognitive/math (OR 0.84; 95% CI [0.73, 0.96]). HFI was marginally associated with cognitive/school readiness and reading (OR 0.91; 95% CI [0.82, 1.00]) and motor development (OR; 0.91, 95% CI [0.80, 1.04]). HFI was associated with poor ECD in children under 5 years old. Specifically, HFI was associated with developmental risk and poor math skills in studies conducted in HICs and with poor vocabulary skills in studies conducted in both HICs and LMICs. Prospective studies examining HFI and ECD are needed in LMICs.
The National School Food Program (NSFP) recommends the promotion of healthy eating habits by offering meals along with food and nutrition education (FNE) actions. The objective of this study was to identify the FNE in the NSFP and its relationship with the nutritionist's profile. It involved an analytical, cross-sectional study conducted in cities in the state of of Goiás, Brazil. Data was collected by telephone, and the association between the outcome variable (achievement of FNE actions) and exposure (school population and nutritionist performance) was done by Pearson's chi-square test of with a 5% significance level. In this study, 214 (87%) municipalities were included, among which, 91.1% promote FNE actions with predominantly biannual frequency (25.3% in schools and 23.2% in day care centers). The nutritionist presence was associated to the FNE (p = 0.001). FNE actions are performed in most municipalities, however with low frequency. The association indicates the relevance of a nutritionist present in conditions that heed the legislation, enabling the performance of their duties, as defined by the Legal Framework of the NSFP and the Federal Council of Nutritionists.
Este artigo relata resultados da promoção da compra da agricultura familiar (AF) pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em municípios goianos, descrevendo a adequação das ações frente a legislação, os desafios e as soluções para a execução do programa. O estudo de intervenção foi desenvolvido em cinco etapas, entre fevereiro de 2012 e outubro de 2013, em 25 municípios de dois territórios da cidadania de Goiás, com a participação de gestor do PNAE e da agricultura, conselheiros da alimentação escolar, nutricionistas e agricultores familiares. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, diários e memórias. Dados quantitativos foram expressos em frequência simples e os qualitativos por categorias temáticas. Os resultados revelaram maior relato de articulações com a AF por todos os atores sociais, do mapeamento da produção pelo gestor PNAE e nutricionista e inserção de alimentos da AF nos cardápios. Houve um aumento de 10% para 60% no número de municípios que adquiriram produtos da AF no Território do Vale do Paraná. O porcentual de compra mais frequente foi de 20 a 29% em ambos territórios. As reflexões finais abordam questões de ordem política, institucional e agrícola/agrária, bem como pontos centrais para a efetivação do PNAE.
, as well as in the gray literature. The steps of systematic search followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporing Itens for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Eligibility criteria included studies on the Public Health training in Nutrition Undergraduate courses, whose subjects were students, educators, and professionals who practice in the field of Nutrition. A total of 633 articles were identified, of which, 66 were eligible for reading and analysis of the full text and 12 were included in the systematic review. Of these, five of these 12 articles used quantitative methods, 3 used mixed methods, and 4 used exclusively qualitative methods. There was high heterogeneity among the CC BY
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