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Mobile location-based services (LBS) represent a promising opportunity for inner-city retailers and service providers to react to changes in customer behavior due to digitalization. To gain competitive advantages, mobile LBS must offer customers high value-in-use and help them reach their shopping goals during their inner-city visits. Shopping goals differ depending on shopping patterns; thus, these patterns may influence customers’ evaluation of mobile LBS during inner-city visits. Since value-in-use is not only a context-specific but also a temporally dynamic construct, customers’ user experience must also be considered. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of customers’ shopping patterns and current user experience on their evaluation of mobile LBS’ value-in-use during inner-city visits. Moreover, the impacts of the offers transmitted through mobile LBS on the value-in-use are examined. Using field test data, we empirically verify a conceptualization of mobile LBS and determine a comprehensive view of mobile LBS’ value-in-use during shopping trips with different shopping patterns and user experience within a mixed-method analysis. Our results identify both utilitarian and hedonic value-in-use components as being empirically relevant for high value-in-use evaluations regarding mobile LBS in inner cities. Furthermore, the relevance of monetary benefits, fun benefits, and irritation on value-in-use vary according to customers’ user experience. A customer’s shopping pattern affects the value-in-use of mobile LBS; however, this effect is not as differentiated as expected. Moreover, the number of relevant monetary and non-monetary offers transmitted during an inner-city visit are shown to represent a potential, albeit limited, management instrument for affecting mobile LBS’ value-in-use.

Research on hospital nursing services productivity is rare, especially in Germany. The conceptual framework developed in this study builds on established knowledge in service productivity research. The theoretical findings have been advanced and adapted to the context of German hospital nursing services. The presented productivity model represents a unique combination of services and nursing services research, which did not exist so far. By operationalisation of the model's components it can be used as the basis for further empirical -research.

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The purpose of this work is to examine the properties and dependence upon parameters of the temperature distribution, and to ascertain the characteristic of a stationary, cylindersymmetrical nitrogen arc with negligible convection. Proceeding from the local balance of energy (the Elenbaas-Heller differential equation), the article makes known a process designed to determine the axial field strength in the arc discharge tube explicity with the aid of the boundary conditions of the temperature and the material functions. To this end, the differential equation is converted to a nonlinear integral equation. This equation can then, provided that the material functions are known and the parameters --radius of discharge tube, axis temperature, wall temperature --are established, be solved either numerically or graphically by a method analogous with the Picard's method of successive approximations. The numerical results, parameter limitations, and assumptions concerning material functions, enable the graphic and analytical relationship between temperature distribution and characteristic to be ascertained within a predetermined range of parameters. Thus we are enabled to interpret and theoretically record a few empirical beginnings and laws.

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