Background/Purposes A common observation in oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) cycles is poor embryo quality. However, no study was dedicated to assess zygote and early cleavage embryo quality in IVM cycles. The objective of this study is to analyze fertilization outcome, embryo development and the resulting pregnancy and births in unstimulated IVM cycles. Methods IVM oocytes were collected 36 h post hCG and matured in vitro for 28-30 h. All oocytes were inseminated by ICSI. Resulting zygotes and embryos were assessed on day-1, 2 and 3, when transfers were made. Results The overall oocyte maturation and fertilization rates were 63% and 62%, respectively. Abnormal fertilization rate was 1.7%. Ninety five and 14.6% of the 2Pn zygotes reached the 2-cell and 8 -cell stage at day-2 and day-3, respectively. Embryo quality assessment on day-3 at transfer revealed that only 9% of the embryos were of very good quality. Most embryos showed developmental delay. An average of 3.29 embryos were transferred per patient resulting in implantation and clinical gestation rates of 16% and 32%, respectively. Overall 14 healthy babies were born and there is one ongoing pregnancy. ConclusionResults show a significant rate of abnormal fertilization and poor embryo quality after IVM, which is reflected in a higher than average number of embryos being transferred. However, pregnancy, implantation and birth rates are reasonably high and allow us to consider IVM a valuable approach for the treatment of infertility in PCO or PCOS patients.

IVM can be an advantageous technique when applied to PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) patients. The oocytes are retrieved from antral follicles of non-stimulated ovaries, specially preventing hyperstimulation syndrome. Apart from its role as a reproductive treatment, IVM has emerged as a promising tool for emergency fertility preservation, since it can be performed flexibly in either follicular or luteal phase. A 34-year-old patient with PCOS, high body mass index and tubal factor was submitted twice to IVM treatment. Her husband has low count spermatozoa. The first IVM cycle was in 2009, she transferred 3 fresh embryos and got pregnant giving birth to a healthy boy weighing 3.3 kg. In 2013, the patient returned for another IVM cycle and the embryos had to be vitrified because she failed to develop an adequate endometrium for transfer. In the next cycle, the endometrium was prepared using estrogen and progesterone and the two best embryos were warmed up and transferred. She became pregnant and after 36 weeks gave birth to a healthy girl weighing 2.7 kg. She still has four embryos left to transfer. IVM may be an alternative technique to be considered when dealing with PCOS patients. Although clinical outcomes are currently inferior when compared with conventional hormone driven ART (Artificial Reproductive Techniques), it does apply in some cases while preventing hyperstimulation risks. Thus, embryos obtained by IVM can also be vitrified with successful outcomes.

Objective: The aim of the present case series was to describe our experience with the use of PRP on patients with refractory thin endometria. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 24 IVF cycles in which patients presenting different infertility factors received intrauterine PRP infusion prior to embryo transfer. Outcomes of interest were: clinical and ongoing pregnancies, miscarriages, and births. Results: 54% of the cycles in which PRP was employed resulted in ongoing gestation or birth; 12.5% of the cycles ended in miscarriages. Conclusion: Our data suggest that PRP improves intrauterine receptivity to embryo implantation, regardless of whether the endometrium reached the appropriate growth for embryo transfer.

Non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (niPGT-A) aiming to assess cell-free embryonic DNA in spent culture media is promising, especially because it might overcome the diminished rates of implantation caused by the inadequate performance of trophectoderm (TE) biopsy. Our center is part of the largest study to date assessing the concordance between conventional PGT-A and niPGT-A, and we report here the delivery of the first baby born in Brazil using niPGT-A. The parents of the baby were admitted to our center in 2018. They did not present history of infertility, and they were interested in using in vitro fertilization (IVF) and PGT-A in order to avoid congenital anomalies in the offspring. A total of 11 (3 day-5 and 8 day-6) expanded blastocysts were biopsied, and the spent culture media (culture from day-4 to day-6) from 8 day-6 blastocysts were collected for niPGT-A. Overall, 7 embryos yielded informative results for trophectoderm (TE) and media samples. Among the embryos with informative results, 5 presented concordant diagnosis between conventional PGT-A and niPGT-A, and 2 presented discordant diagnosis (1 false-positive and one false-negative). The Blastocyst 4, diagnosed as 46, XY by both niPGT-A and conventional PGT-A, was warmed up and transferred, resulting in the birth of a healthy 3.8 kg boy in February 2020. Based on our results and the recent literature, we believe that the safest current application of niPGT-A would be as a method of embryo selection for patients without an indication for conventional PGT-A. The approximate 80% of reliability of niPGT-A in the diagnosis of ploidy is superior to predictions provided by other non-invasive approaches like morphology and morphokinetics selection.

where it says "Abnormal fertilization rate was 1.7 %" should read "Abnormal fertilization rate was 27 %".In results where it says "The frequency of abnormally fertilized oocytes (1Pn and 3Pn) was 1,7 %" should read "The frequency of abnormally fertilized oocytes (1Pn and 3Pn) was 27 %".In discussion the paragraph starting "We found that after IVM, 1,7 %.....", we would like to CHANGE the statement to "We found that after IVM, 27 % of the fertilized oocytes present abnormal pronuclear formation, particularly 3Pn possibly due to second polar body retention. This frequency is much higher than that reported (2.5 %) after insemination by IVF or ICSI of more than 5000 human oocytes in conventional IVF/ ICSI cycles [13] and it is also higher than the observed rate of polyploidy after conventional ICSI in our service. The reason for the elevated rate of 3Pn zygotes after IVM is not clear, however, it can be assumed that failure of second polar body extrusion after ICSI in IVM cycles is related to cytoskeletal abnormalities, possibly caused by manipulation or incomplete cytoplasmic maturation.The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx

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Introdução: A maturação in vitro (IVM) de oócitos coletados em ciclos não estimulados é uma opção atraente aos tratamentos clássicos de reprodução assistida (RA) sendo um procedimento indicado especialmente para pacientes portadoras da síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) ou somente de ovários policísticos (OP). Objetivo: O presente estudo descreve nossa experiência com 34 ciclos de IVM aplicados a pacientes portadoras de SOP ou OP. Métodos: Complexos cumulus-oócitos foram coletados de pacientes portadoras de OP (n=7) ou SOP (n=27), 36h pós-hCG, em ciclos não estimulados. Após um período de maturação de 28 a 30 horas, os oócitos que atingiram MII foram inseminados por ICSI. Os embriões foram transferidos às pacientes no terceiro dia de cultivo. Resultados: Nesta série obtivemos uma média de 16.3 oócitos coletados por ciclo e uma taxa de maturação e fertilização in vitro de 63% e de 62%, respectivamente. A taxa de gestações clínicas foi de 32% (11/34). Conclusões: A metodologia de IVM reúne uma série de vantagens, como a ausência da síndrome de hiperestimulação ovariana, baixos custos e a simplicidade no manejo do ciclo. Acreditamos ser a IVM uma alternativa válida de tratamento da infertilidade, SDUD XP JUXSR HVSHFt¿FR GH SDFLHQWHV Palavras-chave: Maturação in vitro de ocócitos, ovários policísticos, gestação.

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