Modern Christianity has failed to update its myths and has even eliminated them, thus, excluding the metaphysical experience indispensable to religion (Jung). Myths should be interpreted, not eliminated. Answering the question about how to interpret myths without eliminating them or their intended effect is the object of this paper. The study investigates the possibility of interpreting myths as metaphors, thus, in a non-literal way. Various definitions of metaphor and myth, and theories for their interpretation are discussed, with focus on their relationship to symbolic universes. Finally, a non-mythical symbolic universe structured by root-metaphors is suggested as a framework for the existential interpretation of mythical concepts in the New Testament.Keywords: myth; metaphor; conceptual metaphor; root metaphor; hermeneutics; existential interpretation; demythologising
This article investigates whether different religious (mythological) worldviews can be described as alternative and altered states of consciousness (ASCs). Differences between conscious and unconscious motivations for behaviour are discussed before looking at ASCs, Weltanschauung and symbolic universes. Mythology can be described both as Weltanschauung and symbolic universe, functioning on all levels of consciousness. Different Weltanschauungen constitute alternative states of consciousness. Compared to secular worldviews, religious worldviews may be described as ASCs. Thanks to our globalised modern societies, the issue is even more complex, as alternate modernities lead to a symbolic multiverse, with individuals living in a social multiverse.Keyowrds: mythology; Weltanschauung; worldview; symbolic universe; states of consciousness; altered states of consciousness; alternative states of consciousness; symbolic multiverse; social multiverse
The effect of cultivar, nitrogen fertilization and topping height on the quality of flue-cured tobacco. I. Physical quality and yield. An increasing demand for good quality flue-cured tobacco prompted this study. Five flue-cured tobacco cultivars (TL33, A4, 0086, 00224 and 00212) were subjected to three rates of nitrogen fertilization (70, 100 and 130 kg N ha• 1) and two topping heights (14 and 18 leaves) in a field trial. Higher nitrogen fertilization, accompanied by lower topping resulted in a decrease in marketable yield and income, although associated with better quality. Small differences between cultivars occured, and cultivars also differed in their reaction to nitrogen fertilization. Die toenemende vraag na goeie kwaliteit oonddroogtabak het aanleiding gegee tot navorsing om te bepaal watter rol stikstofbemesting, tophoogte en kultivars speel. Vyf oonddroogtabakkultivars (TL 33, 0086, A4, 00224 en 00212) is in 'n veldproef onderwerp aan drie stikstofbemestingspeile (70, 100 en 130 kg N ha-1) en twee tophoogtes (14 en 18 blare). Hoer stikstofbemesting en laer top het bladkwaliteit ietwat verbeter, maar 'n toename in onbemarkbare blare veroorsaak, wet gelei het tot laer bemarkbare opbrengs en inkomste. Klein verskille in opbrengs en kwaliteit het tussen cultivars voorgekom, terwyl aanduidings ook gevind is dat kultivars verskilin hul reaksie op stikstofbemesting.
A reflection on Bultmann's use of analogical language in thelight of the sociology of knowledge. Bultmann's approach to analogical language, or as he put it, mythological language, was to demythologise it. Reaction to his demythologising program was largely negative, as it seemed radical to many. This study shows that Bultmann's approach to analogical language does not differ much from the way the concept "analogical language" is used within the sociology of knowledge. It seems that disciplines which had previously been practised in isolation from each other, developed their own terminology. The result is that essentially the same issueswere referred to by different names, and that the same terms could be used todenote different issues. In this article the question whether analogical/mythological/symbolical/metaphorical language is treated in much the same way by thetwo different approaches is answered positively.
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