The increasing need for forest resources and cultivated land requires a solution in forest management to realize sustainable land use. Smart agroforestry (SAF) is a set of agriculture and silviculture knowledge and practices that is aimed at not only increasing profits and resilience for farmers but also improving environmental parameters, including climate change mitigation and adaptation, biodiversity enhancement, and soil and water conservation, while assuring sustainable landscape management. SAF, a solution for land management systems to reduce the rate of deforestation, is a smart effort to overcome the food crisis and mitigate climate change that is prospectively applied mainly in the social forestry area. Optimized forest land utilization could be achieved by implementing SAF and applying silvicultural and crop cultivation techniques to optimize productivity and meet sustainability and adaptability goals. This paper reviews the existing conditions, opportunities, and challenges in the mainstreaming of SAF in social forestry implementation to support the Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia. Mainstreaming SAF should include policy innovation and regulation implementation, the use of appropriate technology, and compromises or trade-offs among benefits, risks, and resources. SAF is a strategy to revive the rural economy and community prosperity through the optimal use of local resources as well as a form of smart landscape and land-use management that has significant roles in soil and water conservation, bioenergy, climate change responses, and enhanced biodiversity conservation.
ABSTRAKBiodiversitas flora merupakan sumberdaya strategis dengan aneka potensi penggunaan untuk manusia. Pertumbuhan penduduk berdimensi ganda sebagai pemicu terjadinya degradasi sumberdaya hayati, namun berperan dalam pengelolaan untuk meningkatkan konservasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui manajemen biodiversitas flora, struktur dan komposisi tanaman pada sistem pekarangan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Sumba Tengah, metode wawancara dan observasi digunakan, analisis data secara deskriptifkualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen biodiversitas flora pada sistem pekarangan bersifat polikultur, bermanfaat secara holistik sebagai atribut sosial-budaya-religius, ekonomi-pendapatan dan ekologikonservasi. Struktur dan komposisi tanaman pada sistem pekarangan bervariasi, termasuk variasi indeks nilai pentingnya. Perluasan wilayah pemukiman berdampak positif terhadap konservasi biodiversitas flora pada sistem pekarangan.Kata kunci: Masyarakat, desa, biodiversitas flora, pekarangan ABSTRACT Flora biodiversity is a strategic resource due its various potential uses for human benefit. Population growth is sometimes considered to be a contributory factor in the degradation of the biological resources, conversely, the population plays an important role in its conservation. This research aimed to understand
Abstract. Njurumana GN, Ginoga KL, Octavia D. 2020. Sustaining farmers livelihoods through community forestry in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3786-3796. One of the goals of managing global forest ecosystems today is to synergize their socio-economic, ecological and community livelihood benefits. Each forest type has various socio-economic and ecological characteristics that influence its management strategies and the provision services to the community. In general, the socio-economic benefits of forests in supporting community livelihoods are well known, however, the information which is specifically relevant to tropical monsoon forests is still very limited. This research aims to fill this knowledge gap, by providing information about the socio-economic conditions and provision of services of tropical monsoon forests to people's livelihoods. The research was conducted through structured interviews, FGDs, and field observations, by an analysis unit in community forests in the Sikka district. The information obtained was analyzed through descriptively qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed an imbalance between the socio-economic conditions of people who rely on the tropical monsoon forest for their livelihoods and the carrying capacity of fuelwood, food, and fodder supply. This imbalance is due to the weak synergy and organization of stakeholders in optimizing how the provision services of forests are used to support farmers' livelihoods. Farmers' dependence on the tropical forest services is still high, therefore the strengthening of farmers' institutions becomes a key factor that determines sustainable management of the forest and enhances the value of its benefits to the community.
Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) management can lead to various benefits for community livelihood and forest sustainability. However, such management has not been carried out optimally and sustainably in Indonesia, due to various limiting factors including ineffective policies, undeveloped cultivation technologies, and inadequate innovation in processing technologies. Further, the diversity of NTFPs species requires that policy-makers determine the priority species to be developed. Agarwood (Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops spp.), benzoin (Styrax spp.), sandalwood (Santalum album L.), and cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) are aromatic NTFPs species in Indonesia that forest-dwellers have utilized across generations. This paper reviews the current governance, cultivation systems, processing and valuation, and benefits and uses of these species. We also highlights the future challenges and prospects of these NTFPs species, which are expected to be useful in designing NTFPs governance, in order to maximize the associated benefits for the farmers and all related stakeholders.
This paper’s working hypothesis is that the indigenous farming practices of Timorese farmers are those most suitable and adaptable with regard to these farmers’ circumstances. Intensive farming and the acceleration of land conversion in Java lead to a reduction in favorable cropland and the degradation of soil biology. To meet the demand for food production, unfavorable areas outside Java, including marginal semi-arid areas on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara province, have become an important option. Unfortunately, the national crop production policy has paid less attention to the specific biophysical characteristics of the region and how local people have adapted to the diverse marginal environment. We review the literature in the areas of soil nutrition retention and soil biology, vegetation/crop diversity, and farming practices/management, including local wisdom on soil management. This paper highlights that the values of the chemical parameters of the soils in question are varied, but generally range from low to high. The existence of beneficial micro-organisms is important both for improving soil fertility and due to their association with local vegetation/crops. Traditional farming practices, such as the local agroforestry of Mamar, have effectively preserved the existence of micro-organisms that promote conservation practices, crop/vegetation diversity, and sustainable agriculture. We recommend that the expansion of croplands and crop production into marginal semi-arid areas needs to be considered and adapted while taking into consideration sustainability and environmentally sound traditional practices.
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