Volumes de hematomas em hemorragias intracerebrais espontâneas: o método da elipse (ABC/2) produziu volumes inferiores do que aqueles determinados pelo método planimétrico Intracranial hypertension is considered the main reason for surgical indication in subjects with ICH, especially in cases in which there is a progressive neurological deterioration 5,6 . The ABSTRACT Objective:To compare two different methods for measuring intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume: the ellipse volume (called ABC/2), and the software-aided planimetric. Methods: Four observers evaluated 20 brain computed tomography (CT) scans with spontaneous ICH. Each professional measured the volume using the ABC/2 and the planimetric methods. The average volumes were obtained, and the intra-and inter-rater variability was determined. Results: There is an absolute 2.24 cm 3 average difference between both methodologies. Volumes yielded by the ABC/2 method were as much as 14.9% smaller than by the planimetric one. An intra-observer variability rate of 0.46% was found for the planimetric method and 0.18% for the ABC/2. The inter-observer rates were 1.69 and 1.11% respectively. Conclusions: Both methods are reproducible. The ABC/2 yielded hemorrhage volumes as much as 14.9% smaller than those measured using the planimetric methodology.Key words: cerebral hemorrhage, tomography, evaluation studies. RESUMO Objetivo:Comparar dois métodos diferentes para determinar o volume da hemorragia intracerebral: volume da elipse (chamado ABC/2), e método planimétrico auxiliado por computador. Métodos: Quatro diferentes observadores avaliaram as imagens de 20 tomografias cerebrais com diagnóstico de hemorragia intracerebral espontânea. Cada profissional determinou o volume da hemorragia usando os dois métodos. Foram comparadas as médias dos volumes obtidos, bem como suas variabilidades intra e interobservadores. Resultados: Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os volumes calculados por meio dos dois métodos, com uma variação média absoluta de 2,24 cm 3 e com volumes até 14,9% menores para o método ABC/2. A média da variabilidade intraobservador foi de 0,46% para o método planimétrico e 0,18% para o ABC/2. As taxas de variabilidade interobservador foram de 1,69 e de 1,11%, respectivamente. Conclusões: Ambos os métodos são reprodutíveis. O volume determinado pelo ABC/2 pode ser até 14,9% menor que aquele determinado pelo método planimétrico.Palavras-Chave: hemorragia cerebral, tomografia, estudos de avaliação.

The measurement of temperature variation along the surface of the body, provided by digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI), is becoming a valuable auxiliary tool for the early detection of many diseases in medicine. However, DITI is essentially a 2-D technique and its image does not provide useful anatomical information associated with it. However, multimodal image registration and fusion may overcome this difficulty and provide additional information for diagnosis purposes. In this paper, a new method of registering and merging 2-D DITI and 3-D MRI is presented. Registration of the images acquired from the two modalities is necessary as they are acquired with different image systems. Firstly, the body volume of interest is scanned by a MRI system and a set of 2-D DITI of it, at orthogonal angles, is acquired. Next, it is necessary to register these two different sets of images. This is done by creating 2-D MRI projections from the reconstructed 3-D MRI volume and registering it with the DITI. Once registered, the DITI is then projected over the 3-D MRI. The program developed to assess the proposed method to combine MRI and DITI resulted in a new tool for fusing two different image modalities, and it can help medical doctors.

The Fisch-type titanium stapes piston prosthesis presented outcomes consistent with the literature and can be used safely in stapedotomy procedures.

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The geometric modeling of a personalized part of the tissue built according to individual morphology is an essential requirement in anatomic prosthesis. A 3D model to fill the missing areas in the skull bone requires a set of information sometimes unavailable. The unknown information can be estimated through a set of rules referenced to a similar yet known set of parameters of the similar CT image. The proposed method is based on the Cubic Bezier Curves descriptors generated by the de Casteljou algorithm in order to generate a control polygon. This control polygon can be compared to a similar CT slice in an image database. The level of similarity is evaluated by a meta-heuristic fitness function. The research shows that it is possible to reduce the amount of points in the analysis from the original edge to an equivalent Bezier curve defined by a minimum set of descriptors. A study case shows the feasibility of method through the interoperability between the prosthesis descriptors and the CAD environment.

Objective: Quantitative analysis of chest radiographs of patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) determining if the data obtained from such radiographic images could classify such individuals according to the presence or absence of disease. Materials and Methods: For such a purpose, three groups of chest radiographic images were utilized, namely: group 1, including 25 individuals with COPD; group 2, including 27 individuals without COPD; and group 3 (utilized for the reclassification/validation of the analysis), including 15 individuals with COPD. The COPD classification was based on spirometry. The variables normalized by retrosternal height were the following: pulmonary width (LARGP); levels of right (ALBDIR) and left (ALBESQ) diaphragmatic eventration; costophrenic angle (ANGCF); and right (DISDIR) and left (DISESQ) intercostal distances. Results: As the radiographic images of patients with and without COPD were compared, statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups on the variables related to the diaphragm. In the COPD reclassification the following variables presented the highest indices of correct classification: ANGCF (80%), ALBDIR (73.3%), ALBESQ (86.7%). Conclusion: The radiographic assessment of the chest demonstrated that the variables related to the diaphragm allow a better differentiation between individuals with and without COPD.Objetivo: O estudo avalia, quantitativamente, as radiografias torácicas de indivíduos com e sem doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e verifica se dados obtidos da imagem radiográfica podem classificar o indivíduo em com e sem DPOC. Materiais e Métodos: Utilizaram-se três grupos de imagens radiográficas torácicas: grupo 1, com 25 indivíduos com DPOC; grupo 2, com 27 indivíduos sem DPOC; grupo 3 (utilizado na reclassificação/validação da avaliação), com 15 indivíduos com DPOC. A classificação da DPOC tomou como base a espirometria. As variáveis utilizadas, normalizadas pela altura retroesternal, foram: largura pulmonar (LARGP), níveis de rebaixamento diafragmático direito (ALBDIR) e esquerdo (ALBESQ), ângulo costofrênico (ANGCF) e distâncias intercostal direita (DISDIR) e esquerda (DISESQ). Resultados: Na comparação das radiografias de indivíduos com DPOC e sem DPOC houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos nas variáveis relacionadas com o diafragma. Para a reclassificação da DPOC, apresentaram maior índice de classificação correta: ANGCF (80%), ALBDIR (73,3%), ALBESQ (86,7%). Conclusão: A avaliação do tórax por meio de imagens radiológicas demonstrou que as variáveis que permitem uma maior discriminação entre indivíduos com e sem DPOC são aquelas relacionadas ao músculo diafragmático. Unitermos: Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica; Classificação da DPOC; Radiografia de tórax. Abstract Resumo * Study developed at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR) -Post-graduation Program in Health Technology,

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