Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an economically important crop, and is cultivated worldwide, although increasingly long periods of drought have reduced the productivity of this plant. Research has shown that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provides a potential alternative strategy for the mitigation of drought stress. In the present study, we measured the physiological and morphological performance of two soybean cultivars in symbiosis with Rhizophagus clarus that were subjected to drought stress (DS). The soybean cultivars Anta82 and Desafio were grown in pots inoculated with R. clarus. Drought stress was imposed at the V3 development stage and maintained for 7 days. A control group, with well-irrigated plants and no AMF, was established simultaneously in the greenhouse. The mycorrhizal colonization rate, and the physiological, morphological, and nutritional traits of the plants were recorded at days 3 and 7 after drought stress conditions were implemented. The Anta82 cultivar presented the highest percentage of AMF colonization, and N and K in the leaves, whereas the DS group of the Desafio cultivar had the highest water potential and water use efficiency, and the DS + AMF group had thermal dissipation that permitted higher values of Fv/Fm, A, and plant height. The results of the principal components analysis demonstrated that both cultivars inoculated with AMF performed similarly under DS to the well-watered plants. These findings indicate that AMF permitted the plant to reduce the impairment of growth and physiological traits caused by drought conditions.

RESUMOA soja é fundamental para o progresso do agronegócio, porém sua produtividade pode ser afetada pelas mudanças climáticas. Assim, alternativas que aumentem o rendimento das plantas em condições adversas são fundamentais, e os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) destacam-se, pois, associam-se as raízes das plantas aumentando a absorção de água e nutrientes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de plantas de soja a campo experimental em associação com o FMA Rhizophagus clarus sob condição de sistema irrigado e não irrigado. Ao final, avaliou-se parâmetros agronômicos e de simbiose com o FMA. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, as médias obtidas foram submetidas à análise de variância e comparadas pelo teste Tukey (5%), utilizando software SISVAR. Plantas de soja quando associadas com FMA e cultivadas em condição não irrigada, obtiveram maior produtividade do que plantas no sistema irrigado, além de peso de 1000 grãos. Desta forma, conclui-se que a inoculação beneficia a produtividade da soja em condições de sistema não irrigado. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: produtividade de grãos, micorriza, colonização. ABSTRACTSoybeans are key to agribusiness progress, but their production can be affected by climate change. Thus, alternatives that increase the yield of the plants under adverse conditions are fundamental, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMA) stand out. Therefore, they associate the roots of the plants, increasing the absorption of water and nutrients. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate soybean yield in the field experiment in association with FMA Rhizophagus clarus under conditions of irrigated and nonirrigated system. In the end, agronomic and symbiosis parameters were evaluated with FMA. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with subdivided plots, the means obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the Tukey test (5%), using SISVAR software. Soybean plants when associated with FMA and cultivated in non-irrigated conditions, obtained higher productivity than plants in the irrigated system and weight of 1000 grains. In this way, it is concluded that inoculation benefits soybean yield under non-irrigated system conditions.

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The filter cake is a residue from the sugarcane processing industry and has shown excellent results for its use in fertilizing agricultural crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and development of okra seedlings produced with different proportions of filter cake as a substrate. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and five replicates (5x5). The treatments consisted of five proportions for filling the tubes with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% filter cake. The filter cake was obtained in a sugar and alcohol industry near the municipality of Santa Helena de Goiás. Were evaluated plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), root length (RL), aerial fresh mass (AFM), fresh root mass (FRM), aerial dry mass (ADM) and the dry root mass (DRM). The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test (p <0.05) and in cases of significance, regression analysis was performed for the filter cake proportions, using the SISVAR statistical software. The fertilization with filter cake on okra seedlings was significant at the level of 5% probability for the RL and 1% probability for PH, SD, NL, AFM, FRM, ADM, DRM. The maximum PH, SC, NL, RL, AFM, ADM, DRM was obtained with the filter cake proportions of 55.83; 49.58; 35.55; 47.25; 50.17; 48.5; 58.5 and 45.00%. The use of residues from the sugar and alcohol industry can be used for fertilizing okra seedlings. It is recommended to use the ratio of 55% filter cake and 45% soil, in that dose the okra seedlings show the best growth and development.

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