The number of specialists is lower than that internationally recommended and insufficient to cover the health needs of the country. Gender distribution is shifting towards a more equitable one. Specialists are mainly grouped in urban areas. This is the first census of specialists based on total verifiable number of physicians, which will allow the design of policies for human resources planning in health.
through the Post-degree Committee, is the coordinating agency of the National Exam for Medical Residence Aspirants (ENARM -Examen Nacional para Aspirantes a las Residencias Médicas). In 2016, 38 077 general physicians contested for the 7805 available posts to start specialization training. 5 The National Health System has 81 specialty courses available, 5 out of which 78 are offered by the
Throughout history, Mexico has been affected by major epidemics and pandemics, for this reason the health system of each era has had to develop, adopt and perpetuate multiple actions and health security measures, in which the following measures stand out: vaccination, adequate personal hygiene, a balanced diet, water chlorination, suspension of some activities, adequate disinfection of public places, preventive and disinfection measures in homes, quarantine, isolation or confinement, correct use of face masks, avoid crowded places, prohibit or avoid collective meetings, this just to mention the most relevant. The aforementioned cares have been implemented with the intention of mitigating and eradicating its spread, as well as reducing its morbidity and mortality from it. The COVID-19 pandemic, like other pandemics that have arisen over time in México, have affected various aspects such as economic, social, political and especially sanitary health. As time has passed, the crisis that the health sector is going through has become evident, which has forced the corresponding health authorities to make multiple efforts to face it and try to cope with these epidemics and pandemics. In this article we make a brief account of the epidemics and pandemics that have affected Mexico from the year 1450 to 2020, as well as the historical evolution of the pertinent health authorities and the general aspects of health law. Keywords: Health law; epidemic; pandemic; preventive medicine; COVID-19.
At the end of the 18th Century, the history of immunology began in Mexico, with Francisco Xavier Balmis, who initiated the process of vaccination against smallpox. By doing this, he established the bases for research and clinical practice in this field of medicine. Among the pioneers of immunology in Mexico stand out Eduardo Licega, Maximiliano Ruiz Castañeda and Mario Salazar Mallén. This last one founded the first allergy laboratory located in the Hospital General de Mexico, becoming the first one of its nature in the entire nation as well as being recognized by Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) as the first course of allergy. The Unique Plan of Medical Specializations (PUEM it's the acronym in Spanish) is a curricular plan organized in a functional conceptual construction, destined to conduct medical educational actions and designed by Faculty of Medicine UNAM, health institutes and the Mexican counsels of specialists; having as the main purpose that medical residents acquire knowledge, ability, skills, and ethical values to practice medicine with quality and efficiency. The specialty of Allergy and Clinic Immunology is part of PUEM since 1994 for adult patients and since 1998 in pediatrics. At the present it's being held in 8 different institutions of health conformed by six courses for adult patients and two for pediatric ones. The UNAM evaluates the quality of the specialty courses through diverse processes, all coordinated by the Postgraduate Department from the Faculty of Medicine, through the coordination of academic subcommittees who's also helped by the members of the Academic Subcommittees of Allergy and Clinic Immunology with the objective of guaranteeing quality in the formation of human resources.
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