RESUMOO presente estudo investiga a presença de diplostomídeos parasitas em dois peixes curimatídeos, Potamorhina latior e Potamorhina pristigaster, além de listar todos os peixes reportados como hospedeiros para Austrodiplostomum compactum na Amazônia brasileira. Os peixes foram coletados em oito lagos de várzea do rio Solimões, no período de fevereiro de 2013 a dezembro de 2015. Foram analisados cem indivíduos de P. latior e sessenta e nove indivíduos de P. pristigaster, nos quais foram encontrados nos olhos dois espécimes de A. compactum em P. latior e apenas um espécime em P. pristigaster. Com os novos registros um total de oito espécies de peixes são citadas como hospedeiras para A. compactum na Amazônia brasileira incluindo Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Cichla monoculus, Plagioscion squamosissimus Pterygoplichthys pardalis e Pygocentrus nattereri. As infecções ocorrem em diferentes órgãos: brânquias, musculatura, mesentério, olhos, gônadas, cavidade visceral e rins. Verifica-se que A. compactum apresenta baixa especificidade pelos hospedeiros e estima-se que os baixos índices parasitários associados a amostras de pequeno tamanho subestimem as diversas outras espécies de peixes amazônicos que albergam estes diplostomídeos. PALAVRAS CHAVE:Austrodiplostomum; Diplostomidae; Lagos de várzea; Parasitos de peixes. AUSTRODIPLOSTOMUM COMPACTUM (LUTZ, 1928) METACERCARIAE IN FISH FROM BRAZILIAN AMAZON FLOODPLAIN LAKES ABSTRACTThis study investigates the presence of diplostomids parasites in two curimatids fish, Potamorhina latior and Potamorhina pristigaster and lists all the fish reported as hosts for Austrodiplostomum compactum in the Brazilian Amazon. Fish were collected in 8 Solimões river floodplain lakes, from February 2013 to December 2015. One hundred individuals of P. latior and sixty-nine individuals of P. pristigaster were analyzed, in which were found two specimens of A. compactum in the eyes of P. latior and only one specimen in the eye of P. pristigaster. With these two new records, a total of eight fish species are cited as hosts species for A. compactum in the Brazilian Amazon including: Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Cichla monoculus, Plagioscion squamosissimus Pterygoplichthys pardalis and Pygocentrus nattereri. The Infections occur in different organs: gills, muscles, mesentery, eyes, gonads, visceral cavity and kidneys. A. compactum has low specificity for fish host species and it is estimated that low parasitic indices associated with small samples underestimate other Amazonian fish species that harbor these parasites.

RESUMOForam analisadas 32 narinas de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum provenientes de diferentes lagos de várzea da Amazônia Central. Do total de peixes examinados 23 estavam parasitados. Os parasitas identificados foram: Rhinoxenus piranhus (Monogenoidea); Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea); Gamidactylus jaraquensis e Rhinergasilus piranhus (Copepoda); Argulus chicomendensi (Branchiura) e uma sanguessuga (Hirudinea). Os maiores índices de parasitismo foram registrados em Gamidactylus jaraquensis. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de Rhinoxenus piranhus, C. marginatum e Rhinergasilus piranhus parasitando C. macropomum. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Tambaqui, parasitos, narinas. METAZOARY PARASITES OF THE NASSAL FOSSAE OF THE TAMBAQUI, Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER, 1818) (CHARACIFORMES: CHARACIDAE) COLLECTED IN FLOOD PLAIN LAKES OF THE CENTRAL AMAZON, BRAZIL ABSTRACTWere analyzed 32 nostrils of Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum from different floodplain lakes of Central Amazon. Of the total of fish examined 23 were parasitized. The parasites were identified: Rhinoxenus piranhus (Monogenoidea); Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea); Gamidactylus jaraquensis and Rhinergasilus piranhus (Copepoda); Argulus chicomendensi (Branchiura) and a leech (Hirudinea). The highest parasitism rates were recorded in Gamidactylus jaraquensis. This is the first report of the occurrence of Rhinoxenus piranhus, Clinostomum marginatum and Rhinergasilus piranhus parasitizing C. macropomum.

RESUMOAs espécies de Isopoda da família Cymothoidae são encontradas parasitando a superfície do corpo, nadadeiras, cavidade bucal e branquial dos peixes, alimentando-se do sangue, muco, epitélio e tecido subcutâneo. Na Amazônia brasileira existem poucos estudos referentes à distribuição destes parasitas e seus hospedeiros. THE SPECIES OF ISOPODA (CRUSTACEA: CYMOTHOIDEA) PARASITES OF Serrasalmus altispinis MERCKX, JÉGU E SANTOS, 2000 (CHARACIFORMES: SERRASALMIDAE) COLLECTED IN AMAZON FLOODPLAIN LAKES, BRAZIL ABSTRACTThe Isopoda species belonging to the Cymothoidae family are found parasitizing the body surface, fins, oral cavity and gill of fish, feeding on blood, mucus, epithelial and subcutaneous tissue. In the Brazilian Amazon there are few studies on the distribution of these parasites and their hosts. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the Isopoda species occurring in S. altispinis collected in Brazilian Amazon floodplain lakes. It was examined the outer surface of the body, fins, buccal and branchial cavity, inner wall of the operculum and openings in the abdomen of 60 S. altispinis. The individuals found were collected with fine brushes, stilletto, tweezers and fixed and preserved in ethanol 70 ° GL with 10% glycerin. There were identified two species parasitizing the gills: 16 individuals of Anphira branchialis, Thatcher, 1993, with a prevalence of 13.33% and an individual of Vanamea symetrica (Van Name, 1925) with a prevalence of 1.67%. The data obtained in this study increase the knowledge of the parasitic species in S. altispinis, being reported two new occurrences of A. branquialis and V. symetrica in a new host.

RESUMENEste trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la producción de rotíferos en bolsas de plástico, utilizando harina de pescado como fuente de nutrientes. Como unidades experimentales se utilizaron 16 bolsas de plástico de 10 L de capacidad efectiva. Como fuente de nutrientes se usaron cuatro concentraciones de harina de pescado en cada tratamiento: T1: 0,0 g/L, T2: 0,25 g/L, T3: 0,50 g/L y T4: 0,75 g/L. Las unidades experimentales fueron distribuidas al azar y la duración del experimento fue de once días. El conteo de los rotíferos fue realizado en una cámara de Sedgwick Rafter. Los resultados mostraron que entre el cuarto y el octavo día de experimentación, la producción promedio de organismos incrementó significativamente en proporción al incremento de la oferta de harina de pescado (Promedio ± Error estándar, T1: 127 ± 63.5, T2: 277 ± 138.5, T3: 356 ± 178 y T4: 563 ± 281.5 organismos por mililitro; ANOVA, gl = 3, p < 0.05). El tratamiento cuatro reportó la mayor producción, con1263 organismos por mililitro al onceavo día. Recomendamos utilizar concentraciones altas de harina de pescado para determinar la producción óptima de organismos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Producción de Rotíferos, harina de pescado. EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF ROTIFER IN PLASTIC BAGS USING FISH MEAL AS NUTRIENT SOURCE ABSTRACTThis study aims to evaluate the production of rotifers in plastic bags using fishmeal as nutrient source. Were used 16 plastic bags of 10 L of effective capacity as experimental units. The concentration of fishmeal was increased in each treatment: T1: 0.0 g / L, T2: 0.25 g / L T3: 0.50 g / L and T4: 0.75 g / L. The experimental units were randomly distributed and the duration of the experiment was eleven days. Rotifers were counted in a Sedgwick Rafter chamber. The results showed that between the fourth and the eighth day of experimentation, the average production of organisms significantly increased in proportion to the increment of fishmeal supply (Mean ± SE, T1: 127 ± 63.5, T2: 277 ± 138.5, T3: 356 ± 178 and T4: 563 ± 281.5 organisms per milliliter; ANOVA df = 3; p <0.05). Treatment four have the highest production, with 1263 organisms per milliliter observed at the eleventh day. We recommend using high concentrations of fishmeal to determine the optimum production of organisms.

El zúngaro tigrinus Brachyplatystoma tigrinum (Pimelodidae) es un pez que, en su medio natural, alcanza 85 cm de longitud y 5,200 g de peso, habita la corriente del río Amazonas y es capturado por pescadores de peces ornamentales al estado de alevino y, ocasionalmente, por pescadores de peces de consumo, en el tramo comprendido entre Tamishiyacu y la Refinería Luis F. Díaz; aguas arriba y aguas abajo de Iquitos, respectivamente. B. tigrinum ocupa el tercer lugar de exportación, situándose en orden de importancia después de la arahuana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum y el peje torre Phractocephlaus hemiliopterus en la pesquería de peces ornamentales con base en Iquitos, Perú. Por esta razón, un sector importante de la población se dedica a la pesca, acopio, cría y comercialización de esta especie, impactando la reposición de sus poblaciones naturales. Como consecuencia la Dirección Regional de Loreto del Ministerio de la Producción, mediante planes de manejo propuestos por la Asociación de Pescadores de Peces Ornamentales de Loreto, Iquitos, APPOLI, establece cuotas anuales de captura de alevinos. En este artículo se propone un plan de manejo del zúngaro tigrinus B. tigrinum que considera estrategias orientadas a mejorar el conocimiento y la administración del recurso, reduciendo la cuota anual de pesca de 6,000 a 5,000 alevinos.

RESUMENEl zúngaro tigrinus Brachyplatystoma tigrinum es un pez Pimelodido que habita principalmente las aguas lóticas de los grandes ríos neotropicales entre ellos el Amazonas, el Marañón y el Ucayali. Los alevinos de B. tigrinum son un componente importante del mercado internacional de peces ornamentales, y los adultos se consumen localmente. La mayoría de la pesca se realiza con redes, que varían en tamaño (de 300 x 15 brazos largos para los peces adultos y redes bolicheras de ¼ de pulgada de malla, de 40 a 50 m de longitud y dos a tres brazas para alevinos). La captura se realiza con redes de diversos tamaños (300 x 15 brasas para peces adultos). La relación entre la longitud y el peso del zúngaro tigrinus adulto, recientemente capturado, responde a la ecuación W(t) = 3.19027953 0.0034433Lt (r = 0.98283632) , lo que indica una tendencia de crecimiento isométrico, la especie presenta un factor de condición de 0,77 ± 0,12 . La reproducción tiene lugar al final de la temporada de vaciante de las aguas bajas y comienzo de la creciente; cerca de Iquitos, esto ocurre entre noviembre y febrero. La reproducción tiene lugar al final de la temporada de vaciante de las aguas bajas y comienzo de la creciente; cerca de Iquitos, esto ocurre entre noviembre y febrero. Cuando se cultiva en estanques de agua negra, B. tigrinum mostró una alta incidencia del parasitismo Argulus pestifer (crustácea). Aspectos fundamentales de la biología de esta especie son aun desconocidos, incluida la conducta de alimentación y reproducción, así como las interacciones con los parásitos y patógenos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Zúngaro tigrinus, Brachyplatystoma tigrinum, bioecología, pesca, parasitismo NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY AND RESOURCE STATUS OF ZÚNGARO TIGRINUS Brachyplatystoma tigrinum (Britski, 1981) IN THE AMAZON RIVER, PERU ABSTRACTThe zúngaro tigrinus (Brachyplatystoma tigrinum) is a Pimelodid fish that inhabits mainly lotic waters of large neotropical rivers including the Amazon, Marañon and Ucayali. The fry of B. tigrinum are an important constituent of the international ornamental fish market, and the adults are consumed locally. Most fishing is accomplished with nets, which vary in size (from 300 x 15 arm-lengths for adult fish to seine nets of ¼ inch mesh, 40 to 50 m long and 2 to 3 coals for juveniles). The relationship between length and weight of fresh-captured B. tigrinum is represented by 3.19027953 the equation W(t) = 0.0034433Lt (r = 0.98283632), which indicates an isometric growth trend; the species exhibits a condition factor of 0.77 ± 0.12. Reproduction occurs at the end of the low-water season and the beginning of high-water; near Iquitos, this occurs between November and February. When grown in black water ponds, B. tigrinum showed a high incidence of parasitism Argulus (Crustacea). Fundamental aspects of this species' biology remain unknown, including feeding-and breeding behavior, as well as interactions with parasites and pathogens.

RESUMO THE SPECIES OF COPEPODA (CRUSTACEA: ERGASILIDAE) PARASITES OF GILL FILAMENTS OF Potamorhina latior (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (CHARACIFORMES: CURIMATIDAE) OF CENTRAL AMAZON FLOODPLAIN LAKES, BRAZIL ABSTRACTThree species of Copepoda were collected in the gills of Potamorhina latior from six floodplain lakes, five from Solimões River and one from the Purus River, Amazonas State: Amplexibranchius bryconis; Ergasilus jaraquensis and Miracetyma etimaruya. Potamorhina latior is a new host for A. bryconis and E. jaraquensis and the second record for M. etimaruya. Amplexibranchius bryconis was the dominant species (77%) and with higher rates of parasites. The highest prevalence occurred in the dry season. There was no significant (p> 0.05) negative correlation between the length of P. latior and abundance. There was expanded geographical distribution of M. etimaruya to the Solimões River.

RESUMOQuatro espécies de Copepoda foram coletadas em Serrasalmus altispinis provenientes de seis lagos de várzea no estado do Amazonas. Amplexibranchius bryconis e Ergasiilus jaraquensis nas brânquias, Gamidactylus jaraquensis e Rhinergasilus piranhus nas narinas. S. altispinis é um novo hospedeiro para estes parasitas. A. bryconis e E. jaraquensis são registrados pela primeira vez parasitando a um peixe da família Serrasalmidae. A. bryconis foi a espécie dominante nas brânquias e a que apresentou os maiores índices parasitários. Nas narinas G. jaraquensis foi o parasita dominante. Houve correlação negativa significativa (p < 0,05) entre o comprimento de S. altispinis e a abundância de copépodes nas brânquias. Nas narinas houve correlação positiva não significativa entre o comprimento dos hospedeiros e a abundância de copépodes. Foi ampliada a distribuição destes parasitas em um novo hospedeiro. PALABRAS CLAVE: parasitos de peixes; Amplexibranchius bryconis; Ergasiilus jaraquensis; Gamidactylus jaraquensis; Rhinergasilus piranhus. THE SPECIES OF COPEPODA (CRUSTACEA: ERGASILIDAE) PARASITES OF GILL FILAMENTS AND NOSTRILS OF Serrasalmus altispinis (MERCKX, JÉGU E SANTOS, 2000) (CHARACIFORMES: SERRASALMIDAE) OF CENTRAL AMAZON FLOODPLAIN LAKES, BRAZIL ABSTRACTFour species of Copepoda were collected in Serrasalmus altispinis from six floodplain lakes, Amazonas State: Amplexibranchius bryconis and Ergasilus jaraquensis were collected in the gills and Gamidactylus jaraquensis and Rhinergasilus piranhus in the nostrils. S. altispinis is a new host for these parasites. A. bryconis e E. jaraquensis are recorded for the first time parasitazing a fish from the family Serrasalmidae. A. bryconis was the dominant species in the gills and with higher rates of parasites. In the nostrils G. jaraquensis was the dominant parasite. There was a significant (p> 0.05) negative correlation between the length of S. altispinis and abundance of parasites in the gills. In the nostrils there was a non significant positive correlation between the lengh of the hosts and the abundance of parasites. There was expanded the distribution of these parasites in a new host.