Background Due to the wide spread of SARS-CoV2 around the world, the risk of death in individuals with metabolic comorbidities has dangerously increased. Mexico has a high number of infected individuals and deaths by COVID-19 as well as an important burden of metabolic diseases; nevertheless, reports about features of Mexican individuals with COVID-19 are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographic features, clinical characteristics and the pharmacological treatment of individuals who died by COVID-19 in the south of Mexico. Methods We performed an observational study including the information of 185 deceased individuals with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19. Data were retrieved from medical records. Categorical data were expressed as proportions (%) and numerical data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Comorbidities and overlapping symptoms were plotted as Venn diagrams. Drug clusters were plotted as dendrograms. Results The mean age was 59.53 years. There was a male predominance (60.1%). The mean hospital stay was 4.75 ± 4.43 days. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (88.77%), fever (71.42%) and dry cough (64.28%). Present comorbidities included diabetes (60.63%), hypertension (59.57%) and obesity (43.61%). The main drugs used for treating COVID-19 were azithromycin (60.6%), hydroxychloroquine (53.0%) and oseltamivir (27.3%). Conclusions Mexican individuals who died of COVID-19 had shorter hospital stays, higher frequency of shortness of breath, and higher prevalence of diabetes than individuals from other countries. Also, there was a high frequency of off-label use of drugs for their treatment.

Background/Objective It has been suggested that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often present depression and anxiety. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in Mexican patients with RA and to determine associated factors of depression and anxiety in this population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We evaluated demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, substance use, and disease characteristics in 103 patients with RA. Patients were enrolled from March 2016 to August 2017 The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We calculated the proportion of depression and anxiety symptoms and compared characteristics between groups. Finally, logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with depression and anxiety. Results Depression symptoms were present in 26.2% of patients, whereas anxiety symptoms were present in 16.5% of patients. Presence of hypertension was an associated factor with depression (odds ratio [OR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–9.23; p = 0.03). Low socioeconomic (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.39–10.28; p = 0.009) and high scores of 28-joint Disease Activity Score were associated with anxiety (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.20–8.45; p = 0.02). Conclusions Factor related to socioeconomic conditions, comorbid medical conditions, and disease activity were related to the presence of clinical depression and anxiety in Mexican patients with RA, which may have a negative impact in the course and outcome of the disease. We suggest an early identification of depression and anxiety in these patients through an early psychiatric evaluation.

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Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, indicating an autoimmune pathogenesis. As LADA has clinical and metabolic features from type 1 and type 2 diabetes, it has no categorically defined features; additionally, the autoantibody detection is not affordable in clinical settings. We analyzed the LADA diagnosis in relation to clinical criteria, metabolic control, drug treatment and diabetes complications in individuals from southeast Mexico. Finally, we evaluated the diagnostic value of the most significant features of our patients. A sample of 377 individuals with type 2 diabetes were evaluated through their GADA levels. They were divided into 59 patients with LADA and 318 patients with T2D. We used the Chi-squared test for categorical variables and the t-Student test for numerical data; we also performed a logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating curve evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of significant numerical variables in the logistic regression. Age at diagnosis of diabetes was lower in individuals with LADA than in individuals with type 2 diabetes. For diabetes complications, we found lower frequencies in patients with LADA. Both groups had a BMI close to obesity. Individuals with type 2 diabetes showed higher levels of fasting glucose. Individuals with LADA used insulin more frequently. The receiver operating curves analysis indicated that age at diagnosis of diabetes was under 41 years; an eGDR value higher than 9.75 correlated better with LADA. Patients with LADA showed lower values of fasting glucose levels, fewer diabetic complications, younger age at diagnosis of diabetes, higher use of insulin, and higher eGDR. An age at diagnosis of diabetes <41 years and an eGFR value >9.75 could be indicators to identify patients with LADA in a population of southeast Mexico.

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) has clinical and metabolic features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. LADA does not have specific features for its diagnosis apart from autoantibody detection; however, these tests are not affordable in clinical settings. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed clinical criteria, metabolic control, pharmacological treatment, and diabetic complications in two groups of patients with diabetes -LADA and T2D- in order to identify specific characteristic of these clinical entities. Finally, we evaluated if the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and age at diagnosis of diabetes could be used as a diagnostic criterion for LADA. Demographic, biochemical, clinical and treatment were measured in 377 individuals with diabetes. The diagnostics of LADA were determined using Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies levels. Chi-square test or t-Student test were used to establish differences between groups. To identify factors associated with LADA, a logistic regression analysis was used. Finally, a ROC curve was plotted to assess the possible variables as diagnostic criteria for LADA. The 377 patients with diabetes were separated into 59 patients with LADA and 318 patients with T2D. Patients with LADA showed lower fasting glucose values, fewer diabetic complications, younger age at diagnosis of diabetes, higher insulin use, and higher eGDR in comparison to patients with T2D. Both groups had a mean BMI classified as overweight. The ROC evaluated the sensitivity and specificity, this analysis indicated that an age younger than 40.5 years and an eGDR value higher than 9.75 mg/kg/min correlated better with LADA. These parameters could be useful to identify patients suspected to have LADA at the first level of medical care in the population of southeastern Mexico and refer them to a second level of care.