“They meant simply to declare the right, so that enforcement of it might follow as fast as circumstances should permit.“They meant to set up a standard maxim for free society, which should be familiar to all, and revered by all; constantly looked to, constantly labored for, and even though never perfectly attained, constantly approximated, and thereby constantly spreading and deepening its influence and augmenting the happiness and value of life to all people of all colors everywhere.”
Great economic and social forces flow with a tidal sweep over communities that are only half-conscious of that which is befalling them. Wise statesmen are those who foresee what time is thus bringing, and endeavor to shape institutions and to mould men's thought and purpose in accordance with the change that is silently surrounding them." JOHN MORLEY, THE LIFE OF RIcHARD COBDEN 636 (1881) THE Treaty 1 establishing the European Coal and Steel Community of France, the West German Federal Republic, Italy, Belgium, The Netherlands, and Luxemburg has entered the first of its expected fifty years of operation. The Community is a new type of international political 2 institution designed to organize and maintain a common, competitive market for coal and steel. 3 Its supranational powers mark a basic departure from the conception of all previous international organizations. 4 Its aims are explicitly stated by M. Schuman himself in his original proposal: tVisiting Lecturer in Law, Yale Law SchooL The author is indebted to Mr. J. P. Jefferies, member of the Virginia bar, for valuable assistance in the preparation of this article. REv. oF VoawD AxFAmS 6 (1951). 3. Whenever the expression "coal and steel" is used, it is meant to include not only combustibles (pit-coal, briquettes of pit-coal, coke, lignite briquettes, and lignite) but also iron ore, scrap iron, manganese ore, pig iron and ferro-alloys, raw and semi-finished products of iron, ordinary and special steel, and hot-finished and finished products of iron. See ANNExEs 83-90. 4. The French government vigorously insisted upon the formation of the Community's supranational powers, as evidenced from the exchange of memoranda between the British and French governments. See the British White Paper, ANGLO-FRENCH DISCUSSION REGARDING THE FRENCH PROPOSAL FOR THE WESTERN EUROPEAN COAL, STEEL AND IRON INDUSTRIES (Cind. 7970-Misc. No. 9) (1950); Reuter, La conception de pouvoir politlujt' dans le Plan Schuman, 1 REvuE FRANCAISE DE SCIENCE POLITIQUE 258 (France 1951). 5. 22 DEPT STATE BULL. 936-7 (1950). 6. The German political parties, especially the Social Democrats, as well as the German delegation to the Schuman Plan Conference, never failed to call attention to the necessity of ending the operation of the Ruhr Authority. See MEYER, POLITICAL PARTIES IN WEsTmR GERMANY 22 (1951). When the Plan came into operation, the Ruhr Authority was terminated. AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, BELGIUM, FRANCE, LUXEMBURG, THE NETHERLANDS AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMRIcA, RELATING TO THE TERMINATION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL AUTHOIUTY FOR TIE RUIIR AND OF THE AGREEMENT FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL AUTHORIrY FOR THE RUHR (Cimd. 8705-Treaty Ser. No. 64) (1952). For a recent comparative study, see Kaeckenbeeck, The Intenational Authority for the Ruhr and the Schuman Plan, 37 TIE GROTIUS SOCIETY 4-22 (1952). 7. The proposed Treaty constituting the European Defense Community, signed on May 27, 1952, is a further elaboration of this French foreign ...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.