A study on GIT parasites of small ruminants was conducted from November 2007 to May 2008 in and around Bedelle with the objectives to determine the major GIT parasites and their prevalence in sheep and goats. In this study, a total of 384 fecal samples (219 sheep and 165 goats) were collected for qualitative and quantitative fecal examinations and 43 post mortem examinations in butcher house (23 sheep and 20 goats) were performed. The study found that 200 (91.32%) sheep and 153 (93.29%) goats were found to harbor eggs of GIT helminthes. Amongst the post mortem examinations performed, 21 (91.30%) sheep and 19 (95%) goats were found to be infected with two or more of GIT helminth parasites. All species and age groups were infected with identical parasite species, but with different levels of infection. Eight genera of nematodes with prevalence of 67.5% Haemonchus species, 46.1% Trichuris species, 48.8% Trichostrongylus species, 48.8% Oesophagostomum species, 30.3% Bunostomum species, 25.6% Ostertagia species, and 20.9% Chabertia species and 16.3% Strongyloid in both species in sheep and goats. Similarly two types of Cestodes were recovered with prevalence of 24.8 % Monezia species and 39.5% Avetellina species. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) in the prevalence of GIT helminthosis between sexes, ages and species of animals. Out of 338 sheep and goats examined 10.95% were massively affected, 48.52% moderately affected and 40.53% were lightly affected. The study showed that GIT parasites are major problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore; comprehensive study on GIT parasites, cost effective strategic treatment and awareness creation to the farmers should be instituted in the study area.
A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to May 2014 to determine an apparent density of the tsetse and other biting flies in selected peasant associations (PAs) of Gimbi district. The methods employed during the study were deploying trap for the collection of tsetse and other biting flies. Forty five traps were deployed for 48 hr for collection of tsetse fly. During this entomological survey, a total of 58 tsetse flies, 26 Stomoxys, 33 Tabanus and 2 Haematopota were caught from the three selected PAs during study period. The two major Glossina species captured in the study area were G. m. submorsitans (3.4 %) and G. tachinoides (96.6 %) in which relatively higher numbers of G. tachnoides were caught. Majority of collected of tsetse flies were females (1.5%) in which higher number is Glossina tachnoides as compared to G. m. sub. moristans. About 15 Tabanus and 18 Stomoxys were recorded in Tole PA, without the presence of tsetse flies. The absence of these flies in the area might be due to the time in which the survey was conducted. In Jogir PA, about one (1) G. m. sub moristans (female) and fifty six (56) G tachnoides (45 male and 11 females) were investigated. Totally, about fifty seven (57) tsetse flies were recorded this PA. The fly per trap per day in this PA was 1.9. Different biting flies such as Tabanus (10) and Stomoxys (1) were recorded in this PA. Only a single of female G. m. sub moristans with other biting flies like Tabanus (8), Stomoxys (17) and Heamatopota (2) were observed in Inango Denbeli. The overall apparent density of tsetse flies trapped was 0.965 flies/trap/day and male tsetse flies were foremost in number. Different apparent densities of tsetse flies were recorded in three villages or PAs (0 in Tole, 1.93 in Jogir and 0.03 in Inango Denbeli). Other biting flies caught were Stomoxys (22.2 %), Haematopota (4.4 %) and Tabanus (73.3 %). About 1.9 apparent densities for G. tachnoides and 0.03 densities for G. m. submorsitans were recorded in riverine and savanna vegetation types, respectively. Sexes of the tsetse flies were easily identified by enlarged hypophgeum in the posterior ventral part of the abdomen. However low density of tsetse flies was recorded, these flies are very important in transmitting trypanosomosis and other diseases to the animals in Gimbi district either biologically or mechanically. So, an appropriate tsetse control methods should be warranted to reach tsetse infested area in a sustainable manner to alleviate the problem in the area.
A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to May 2014 to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Gimbi district. The method employed during the study was buffy coat technique for parasitological study. Blood samples were collected from ear vein of 445 heads of cattle to assess trypanosome species. The overall prevalence of the disease was 4.9 % and was vary in different peasant associations (PAs) of the study area with 2.7 %, 11.8 % and 0 % in Tole, Jogir and Inango Denbeli, respectively. Out of 22 infected animals 63.64 % cattle were found to be infected by T. congolense, (31.8 %) T. vivax, and (4.55 %) mixed parasites (T. congolense and T. vivax).The results showed that, T. congolense was the most prevalent in the study areas and followed by mixed parasites. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in distribution of trypanosoma infection. The prevalence of disease recorded among age groups was 0 %, 4.7 % and 5.5 % in calves (<3years), youngs (3-9 years) and adults (>9 years), respectively. The results also showed the prevalence between sexes was 4.95 % (male) and 4.93 % (female). The infection rates between different ages and sexes of animals showed no significant difference. The mean PCV value of parasitaemic animals was 22.78 %, of aparasitaemic animals was 26.51 % and the overall mean PCV value was 24.65 %. Analysis of the mean PCV values of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The results of the study suggested that trypanosomosis in the area was decreasing. However, due to its impact on the livestock, an appropriate tsetse control methods should be expanded to reach tsetse infested area in a sustainable manner to alleviate the problem of trypanosomosis in the area.
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