As a continuous work of tracking electronic relaxation of the S2 state in o-xylene by photoelectron imaging [Y. Liu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15 (2013) 18101], we report another contribution from the view of fragment-ion spectroscopy. Three components with time constants of 1 ∼ =60 fs, 2 = 55(±20) fs and 3 = 6.99(±0.25) ps are observed for the only fragment-ion C6H4CH + 3. The velocity map image of the fragment-ion against the delay time are also measured. Transient information about the kinetic energy of the fragment-ion and angular distribution are analyzed and discussed. New features for competing ultrafast internal conversion and intersystem crossing are obtained.
Ultrafast electronic relaxation dynamics in cyclohexene are studied using femtosecond photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. Transient photoelectron kinetic energy distributions and photoelectron angular distributions are obtained and analyzed. Photoelectron bands are discussed and assigned to the ionization of the related electronic states. The formation process of cyclopentylcarbene, together with the ultrafast relaxation of the involved electronic states, is evidenced by the transient photoelectron images. The lifetime for the observed carbene is very short and determined to be 395 (±67) fs. The ionization dynamics of the produced cyclopentylcarbene are also discussed via an analysis of the corresponding photoelectron band.
The dynamics of multi-photon ionization of CH3I under strong field has been studied experimentally by femtosecond photoelectron imaging. Ultrafast optical control of the vibrational excitation in a polyatomic ion by strong field multi-photon ionization is experimentally realized. The present work enhances the intensity of the ionization beam from 1.6×1013 to 2.5×1013 W/cm2. In the order of this higher field, a new energy component is observed and attributed. From the photoelectron imaging, photoelectron kinetic energy distributions and the photoelectron angular distributions are obtained. The discussions of the previous letter are mostly based on the photoelectron kinetic energy information, and the present study emphasizes on the trend of the photoelectron angular anisotropy. More detailed dynamics on vibrational optical control is further explored.
Due to the rapid pace of digitalization, Virtual Production (VP) in film is gaining importance. With this gamified production process, live-action and computer graphics can be combined in real-time while filming on set. This paper focuses on an interdisciplinary research project that investigates the effects of VP on visual aesthetics, on the changing workflows of filmmakers and actors, and on the perception of a cinema audience. To systematically compare conventional filmmaking with new virtual forms of production, two short feature films were shot both conventionally (in real locations) and virtually (in the digitally scanned versions of these locations). The filmmakers aspired to keep all parameters of the production the same so that wherever possible, the only differences would be in terms of spatial representation. The process of VP included shooting with green-screen and pre-visualization based on real-time image rendering in a moderate quality. The high-resolution variants, however, were still processed in post-production. The methodology comprised a combination of qualitative, practice-based research and quantitative, empirical approaches, in the tradition of mixed methods. As VP continues to develop, green-screens are being replaced by large arrays of LED-displays, as in, for example, The Mandalorian. The present study shows that in the first phase of VP, in which green-screen procedures are still predominant, composition artifacts occur mainly in the context of moderate production resources and are still measurable in terms of image quality.
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