Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) decrease mortality and improve quality of life in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). Their widespread utilization has led to concerns regarding increased adverse effects, especially in women. Nevertheless, sex-specific data remain limited. We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for publications reporting sex-specific outcomes after CF-LVADs from January 2008 through January 2017. Outcomes were compared under the random-effects model and heterogeneity examined via χ test and I statistics. A total of 10 studies including 4,493 CF-LVAD recipients were included in the analysis (23.5% women). The overall rate of stroke was significantly higher in women (odds ratio [OR] 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-2.84; p = 0.0007). This was true for ischemic strokes (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.21-3.42; p = 0.008) and hemorrhagic strokes (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.21-3.42; p = 0.008). Women were also more likely to develop right HF necessitating right ventricular assist device (RVAD) implantation (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.08-4.15; p = 0.03). Other adverse events including renal failure, bleeding, and device-related infection were comparable for both genders. The overall mortality while on CF-LVAD was similar in both groups (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.81-1.36; p = 0.71). Our analysis suggests that women are at greater risk of significant complications such as cerebrovascular events and right HF necessitating RVAD after CF-LVAD implantation. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these sex-specific outcome disparities.

Pericardial disease is a common complication of solid tumors and occasionally seen in hematologic malignancies. Pericardial effusion, when it occurs, is usually caused by tumor seeding of the pericardium leading to a serous effusion or by mass effect from mediastinal lymphadenopathy blocking drainage of lymphatic ducts. Pericardial disease from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is uncommon and malignant pericardial effusion is even rarer. Here we present a case of a 31-year-old male with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who developed cardiac tamponade from a malignant pericardial effusion.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved survival of patients living with HIV (PLWH); however, this has been accompanied by an increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although preventative measures for CVD among the general population are well described, information is limited about CVD prevention among PLWH. The goal of this study was to characterize the prevalence of CVD in our population and to assess the use of primary and secondary prevention. We performed a retrospective review of PLWH receiving primary care at a large academic center in Miami, Florida. We characterized the prevalence of CVD, CVD risk, and the use of aspirin and statins for primary and secondary CVD prevention. A total of 985 charts were reviewed (45% women, 55% men). Average age was 52.2 years. Average CD4 count was 568 cells/microL. 92.9% were receiving ART, and 71% were virologically suppressed. The median 10-year ASCVD risk was 7.3%. The prevalence of CVD was 10.4% (N = 102). The odds of having CVD was lower in patients on ART (OR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25–0.90, P = .02). The use of medications for primary and secondary prevention of CVD based on current guidelines was low: 15% and 37% for aspirin respectively, and 25% and 44% for statins. CVD risk and rates of CVD are high among PLWH and receiving ART could protect against CVD. However, the use of medications for primary and secondary prevention is low. Increased awareness of CVD risk-reduction strategies is needed among providers of PLWH to decrease the burden of CVD.

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Introduction In this study, we sought to evaluate the prevalence and association of pre‐transplant atrial fibrillation (AF) on 30‐day postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant (OLT). Method The National Inpatient Sample Database was queried from 2011 to 2017 for relevant ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 procedural and diagnostic codes. Baseline characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes were compared in patients who underwent OLT with AF and those without. Results Among 45,357 patients who underwent OLT, women made up 35.8% of the overall population. The prevalence of AF before transplant was 2932 (6.5%) with a trend toward increasing prevalence, with an average annual change rate of 4.19%. Applying propensity score matching to control for potential confounding factors, there was no association between pre‐transplant AF and in‐hospital mortality in patients undergoing OLT, however there was a higher incidence of perioperative complications including: acute kidney injury, ventricular tachycardia, major bleeding, blood product transfusion, and septic shock. Conclusion In patients undergoing OLT, pre‐transplant AF is increasing in prevalence and appears to be associated with similar in‐hospital mortality but worse perioperative outcomes. Greater emphasis should be placed on AF in the preoperative cardiovascular risk stratification of patients undergoing OLT.

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