A free-radical inverse emulsion polymerization formulation has been developed for preparation of acrylamide (AAm)/sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPSNa)/N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) terpolymers. An aqueous solution of a blend of monomers is emulsified in ndecane using Tween 85 (Tw85). Ammonium persulfate (APS) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) were used as initiators for water and oil phases, respectively. The reactions were catalyzed by temperature and by a redox pair; the former is achieved at 608C and the latter by adding tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) and sodium bisulphite (BisNa) to activate the initiator in water and oil phase, respectively. The emulsion type, stability, conversion, and rate of polymerization were analyzed. The obtained terpolymer was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and rheology. Thermal catalyzed emulsion polymerization initiated with DCP showed the best performance as viscosity control agent and as polymeric precursor for in situ gel forming, for water mobility control and flow diversification, respectively. Both application for enhanced oil recovery purposes in harsh oil reservoir conditions are presented.
In this work, the mixing process on a batch reactor is analyzed for the thermal synthesis of poly(acrylamide-co-sodium 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonate) initiated by ammonium persulfate. The analysis is achieved by using tracer technology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). ANSYS Fluent ® software is used for numerical simulations. By studying the mixing time in the reactor, the injection point and the stirring speed are determined so that the kinetics of copolymerization is improved. The kinetics of copolymerization is studied qualitatively based on the solution of the inverse rheokinetic problem. The progress of co-polymerization was registered with a Rheometer Anton Paar MCR 301 ®. The copolymers synthetized were characterized by capillary viscometry, infrared spectroscopy, calorimetry, and rheology.
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