This research investigated 12 precursors to falling love — reciprocal liking, appearance, personality, similarity, familiarity, social influence, filling needs, arousal, readiness, specific cues, isolation, and mysteriousness — with respect to culture, ethnicity, gender, and speed. In Study 1, White-American and Asian-American participants wrote narratives of their falling in love experiences. In Study 2, participants from the United States and China wrote narratives and completed self-ratings of the precursors. Few ethnic, gender, and speed differences were obtained in either study, but those found were in the predicted direction. Many cultural differences were found in Study 2, the majority of which were consistent with individualism-collectivism models. Implications for understanding falling in love and directions for future research are discussed.
Sexual behaviour is the result of an interplay between distinct neural inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms. Individual differences in sexual excitation and sexual inhibition are proposed to play an important role in the processes sustaining the regulation of sexual behaviour. While much research has focused on the neural correlates of response inhibition, highlighting a prominent role of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), very little is known regarding the neural mechanisms underlying different aspects of sexual inhibition. Here, we experimentally combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to: (i) test the functional role of IFG during motivational and cognitive sexual inhibition; and (ii) reveal whether this IFG involvement in sexual inhibitory processes depends on sexual excitation and sexual inhibition as traits. Twenty-two participants performed an Approach-Avoidance (AA) and a Negative Affective Priming (NAP) paradigm to assess motivational and cognitive sexual inhibition respectively. Our fMRI study showed IFG being selectively activated during cognitive but not motivational sexual inhibition. Importantly, the level of this neural activity was modulated by individual sexual excitation scores. Interestingly, a transient disruption of IFG activity using TMS led to an improvement in cognitive, not motivational, sexual inhibition, but only when accounting for individual sexual excitation scores. These findings clearly document that sexual excitation modulates IFG activity levels during cognitive sexual inhibition, and at the same time determines the effects of TMS on IFG by improving cognitive control exclusively for individuals with high sexual excitation scores. These findings provide new insights regarding the functional role of IFG, and underscore the relevance of individual psychological differences in understanding the brain mechanisms underlying socioaffective processes.
Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit Premio Estudios Financieros 2014 en la modalidad de Derecho Civil y Mercantil.
El Derecho concursal es el encargado de instrumentalizar un procedimiento especial y excepcional de ejecución colectiva a favor de todos los acreedores de un deudor común. El carácter universal del concurso provoca que, al entrar en contacto con mecanismos de resolución de controversias que se sitúan al margen de la jurisdicción ordinaria como es el arbitraje, se originen problemas de carácter práctico derivados de situaciones jurídicas que la legislación vigente bien no contempla, bien no regula de la manera más eficiente. Factores como la globalización económica y la necesidad de conseguir rapidez en el ejercicio de la actividad empresarial han propiciado que, cada vez más, el arbitraje se considere como un instrumento válido y eficaz para la resolución de disputas derivadas del tráfico mercantil. Se observa que las relaciones entre concurso y arbitraje no resultan para nada pacíficas en tanto que no existe un marco regulatorio que facilite una colaboración entre ambas instituciones ni tampoco un mecanismo que permita asegurar que el arbitraje en sede de concurso no suponga un obstáculo para el desarrollo del procedimiento de insolvencia, cuyas consecuencias se materializarían con un posible quebranto de los principios inspiradores del concurso. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la conexión entre ambas instituciones, examinar los problemas que derivan de esta relación y que tienen una proyección práctica en la actividad diaria de los distintos operadores jurídicos y presentar una propuesta que ayude a minimizar estos inconvenientes y a potenciar los beneficios que estas dos instituciones son capaces de generar si se coordinan de manera adecuada.
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