The aim of this article is to present a case report for the multidisciplinary treatment of anterior tooth fractures with invasion of the biologic width and pulpectomy. Successful esthetic and functional results were achieved by bonding the crown fragment, without any form of preparation or the utilization of intracanal posts.
High speed cineradiography is used to describe the kinematics and spatial and temporal organization of perceptually fluent speech gestures for six stutterers and seven normal speakers. Movements of the lower lip and jaw are analyzed in the CVCs/mm/, /pp/, and/bb/. The results indicate that stutterers consistently show longer durations between movement onsets, achievements of peak velocity and voice onsets than normal speakers. Stutterers also show longer steady state positioning for the lip and jaw during vowel production and a greater asynchrony between lip and jaw movement. The results suggest that in perceptually fluent utterances the organization of events necessary for speech production differs between groups of stutterers and normal speakers.
Ten stuttering and 10 nonstuttering subjects performed self-paced rhythmic tasks with the finger and jaw and were asked to repeat “ah.” The tasks were performed at three rates: “comfortable” rate; and “slightly higher” and “slightly lower” than comfortable, but still in the comfortable range.
The stutterers performed each of the three tasks more slowly than the nonstutterers and were less variable than nonstutterers. The reduced rates and more constrained variability of the stutterers were interpreted as manifestations of less flexible systems, which may be more susceptible to breakdown.
Electrical stimulation was used to produce unexpected, involuntary depression of the lower lip in three normal young adults. Stimulation was timed to begin 500 to 40 ms prior to voice offset in [aep] and (Ip]. Upper lip, lower lip, and jaw movements were measured with a strain gauge system. Movements in 104 syllables with lower-lip stimulation were compared to the preceding normal syllable. Both the jaw and upper lip compensated for the involuntary perturbations in lower-lip movement. Compensatory movements did not occur as additional, discrete gestures following stimulation onset, but appeared as an increase in the size of closing movements. Bilabial closure was produced at the typical time (within - 10 to + 20 ms of voice offset) in 68% of the perturbed syllables, but it was delayed (a mean of 61 ms) in the remaining 32%. Neither the incidence nor the magnitude of this delay appeared to be related to the jaw position at stimulation onset or to the time between stimulation onset and voice offset.
High speed (150 fps) einefluorographie techniques were used to record articulatory movements during fluent and dis fluent speech from four stutterers and control utter- ances from one normal speaker. Analyses of 11 perceptually disfluent utterances are reported. The results show: (1) interarticulator positions occurring in both perceptually fluent and disfluent utterances of stutterers were unlike those in fluent utterances of a normal speaker; (2) aberrant interarticulator positions preceded repetitive movements and static posturing; (3) consistent interarticulator repositioning which precedes termi- nation of an oscillatory movement or static position often results in: (a) the lowering of the jaw or lip, and/or (b) tongue shapes which resemble shapes found in normal speak- ers' fluent productions or the resting tongue shapes of the stutterer: The systematic re- positioning and other patterns found are discussed in terms of possible neuromotor mechanisms involved in disfluency. It is suggested that reflex interactions among the muscles of articulation might account for some of these effects. A brief discussion of theoretical and therapeutic implications is included.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.