This study's purpose was to determine whether threat of severe, moderate, or mild sanctions, and/or vicarious punishment would deter law violators from cheating; and to evaluate whether law violators could be deterred as easily as law abiders. Results showed that law violators cheated more than law abiders; subjects tended to cheat less if they witnessed a model apprehended for cheating; law violators who were just severely threatened were the most dishonest; law violators who saw a model apprehended and treated leniently cheated significantly more than law violators who saw a peer model caught and punished; and high-test-anxious subjects cheated more than low-testanxious subjects.1 This paper is based on a dissertation submitted to the faculty of the College of Liberal Arts and Science of Southern Illinois University in partial fulfillment for the PhD degree. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Thomas R. Schill and Stanley Brodsky for their guidance throughout all phases of the research; and to Steven Danish, Jerome Stumphauzer, DeMoyne Bekker, and Eugene Ringuette, for their encouragement and helpful suggestions.2 Requests for reprints should be sent to Gerald
Adults who requested outpatient psychotherapy completed a pretreatment questionnaire after admission and a posttreatment questionnaire immediately after the first therapy session. Questionnaire items concerned the client's situation at the time of the request for treatment (e.g., distance travelled to the clinic), past behavior in fulfilling commitments, self‐prediction of session attendance, and reaction to the initial interview. Five items were related significantly to continuation in two separate S samples. A critical response scale comprised of 14 items and responses proved highly predictive of the number of treatment sessions attended in both initial (N = 78) and crossvalidational groups (N = 91).
Rated 200 clients who were attending a community mental health center outpatient clinic immediately after the initial therapy session. Therapist ratings consisted of a 21‐item scale that included descriptions of client behavior during the session and estimates of client duration of stay. In a sample comprised of the first 100 clients, a variety of items from the scale and client demographic variables were related significantly to subsequent attendance. A multiple regression equation derived from these data generated statistically significant predictions with regard to stay in the second sample of 100 clients.
Tested the hypothesis that two brief pre‐discharge interventions would improve transfer success for psychiatric inpatients discharged to an outpatient community aftercare program. Seventy‐four inpatients viewed one of three videotapes designed to: (1) provide programmatic information about follow‐up clinics; (2) shape accurate expectations for outpatient therapy; or (3) provide non‐specific emphasis to the importance of aftercare. A baseline group also was employed. As hypothesized, posttest questionnaires showed that experimental Ss had significantly more knowledge of the follow‐up program and greater congurence of therapy expectations. A generalized behavioral effect also occurred; the two experimental groups had a higher rate of transfer success (82%) than the controls (59%). No differences in therapy persistence were observed. These findings suggest that mental health centers might improve transfer success by providing inpatients with detailed information about community aftercare programs.
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