Relevance. In terms of revising the provisions of legal regulation of relations in the field of transport with the borrowing of competitive principles of the European institutes to ensure the integration of transport into European and world transport area, with revision of models of relations between relevant public administration entities and private entities, ensuring balance of their interests , including in the context of national and supranational threats and focus on expanding the implementation of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the latter in the field of transport, strengthening of the principles of decentralization of power in the system of public authorities occurs, resulting in a significant increase in the number and diversity of regulatory and legal acts aimed at settling the above relations. Unfortunately, at the same time the processes of "growth" and a variety of forms of corruption in the activities of public servants, whose professional sphere is directly related to transport relations with the involvement of municipal transport, are also active. Analysis of law enforcement activities of anti-corruption entities in all its manifestations shows a fairly steady trend towards an increase in the number of detected acts of corruption committed by public servants directly related to the exercise of their authority over the procedure for admission to municipal passenger transportation. The specifics of the legislative regulation of the latter presupposes the presence of many "defects", which create the basis for variable manifestations, including illegal, of the activities of public servants with a subjective arbitrary interpretation of the latest provisions of the law. "Low-quality" regulation of the provisions of the activity of public servants to exercise power over the admission to municipal passenger transportation has a negative impact not only on the implementation of passenger rights (of various categories), but also provision of the public interest, and contributes to the formation of a national threat with a "corrosive" sign of power within administrative and territorial units, especially the country in general. An integrated approach to clarifying the problems of "municipal passenger transportation" with an emphasis on eliminating corruption risks in the activities of public servants at the stage of exercising their power to admit to transportation, which will contribute to the "quality" of such entities and will form an effective regulatory framework for the relevant component of transport in general, its effective existence, the realization of the public interest and its correlation with the interests of individuals. The purpose of the paper is the justification of the relationship of the "quality" of standardization of the procedure for admission of entities to municipal passenger transportation and corruption risks in the professional activities of public servants, which is related to this area, formulating proposals for their multi-balance ratio to minimize these risks and "qualitative" standardization of the relevant component of passenger transportation and transport relations in general based on the analysis of various sources. The objects of the article are public relations directly related to municipal passenger transportation. The subject of the article is the "quality" of standardization of relations in admission to municipal passenger transportation and its connection with corruption risks in activity of public servants connected with the specified sphere of relations. Methods of research. Both general legal and special methods of scientific cognition were used in research. As the basis, the dialectic method was used, which allowed to reveal problematic issues in dynamics; juridical and logical method allowed to form options for borrowing positive and avoiding negative experience of relevant rulemaking and law enforcement in foreign countries; forecasting and modeling were used for making proposals to strengthen "quality" of standardization of the procedure of admission to municipal passenger transportation in order to eliminate corruption risks in the activities of public servants. Results. Admission to municipal passenger transportation should be considered as a form of public procedure, the subjects of which are servants of local public authorities. Given the specifics of municipal transport in general, any activity associated with its use, objectively anticipates the risks of possible, including illegal, priority satisfaction of private interests of public servants and the interests of relatives during the exercise of the public authority, which causes "corrosion" of public authority. The procedure of admission to the relevant transportation, the "corruption freedom" of which depends on the "quality" of normalization of its provisions, is not an exception. The relationship between the "quality" of legislation and the "corruption risk" of professional activity of public servants, which is associated with the procedure of admission to the services mentioned, is interdependent (the lower the quality of legislation, the higher the risks of "corrosion" of professional activity of public servants and vice versa). In order to improve the "quality" of standardization of the procedure for admission to the transportation and minimize corruption risks in the professional activities of public servants associated with the above procedure, it is appropriate to strengthen the provisions of certainty of the content of relevant legislation, their systematization (including in the form of codification), streamlining the thematic definition series, meaningful consolidation of the principles of transparency, publicity, participation, public-private partnership, guarantee of all elements and admission procedures in general.
Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням забезпечення прав пасажира за законодавством України. Порівняльний аналіз транспортного законодавства України з законодавством ЄС дав підстави для висновку, що не всі права пасажирів, на які вони розраховують за сучасних цивілізаційних умов, є наразі нормативно закріпленими. Ступінь їх забезпечення наразі є мінімальним. Як не дивно, але і право на безпеку не знайшло своєї нормативної регламентації а ні в актах транспортного та цивільного законодавства, а ні в Конституції України. На переконання автора, воно має віднайти чільне місце з поміж таких фундаментальних природних прав людини, які стосуються життя та здоров'я людини. Саме воно має виступати основним критерієм належного виконання договору перевезення пасажира перевізником. Автор наполягає, що в законодавстві України мають бути закріплені права пасажира, які складають не лише зміст конструкції зобов'язання з перевезення пасажира, але й особисті немайнові права, здійснення яких корелюється зі способом виконання договору перевезення пасажира в залежності від технічних особливостей експлуатації різних видів транспорту, як це має місце за законодавством ЄС. Серед них: право на безпеку, на недискримінацію, на мобільність, на доступність, сприяння, гарантованість захисту, компенсацію у випадку порушення, доступність захисту, право бути почутим, належного застосування національного законодавства. Ці права мають отримати нормативне забезпечення, в якому формалізовано гармонійне поєднання правових, організаційних, ідеологічних, економічних та соціальних складових. Нормативна регламентація окремих правових гарантій, зокрема, особливостей здійснення права на захист та застосування інструментів цивільно-правової відповідальності перевізника за неналежне виконання договірних зобов'язань та/чи порушення прав пасажирів (штрафної неустойки-компенсацій), можуть застосовуватися диференційовано за видами транспорту. Але вони мають бути. Інакше можна констатувати декларативність прав пасажира.
The article deals with topical issues of securing the rights of the passenger. As violations of this kind of rights are frequent and the means of protection of their rights, except for air transport, are virtually absent under the transport law of Ukraine, except for the possibility of compensation for non-pecuniary damage, the presence and amount of which is determined by court procedure, there is an urgent need to determine and regulate this civil rights, how it is under EU law on new civilizational approaches; securing regulatory safeguards to enforce and exercise their rights. The authors conclude that according to the legislation of Ukraine there are practically no guarantees for the exercise of the rights of the passenger, which is unacceptable at this stage of civilization development. As the mechanism for securing this kind of civil rights under EU law, which is based on the concept of creating a competitive environment, regulating and securing the rights of passengers, establishing negative consequences for the carrier in the event of a violation of the passenger's rights in the form of compensation amounts, despite the fact that he is debatable and imperfect, however, it can be implemented into the national legislation of Ukraine. In addition to the right to require the carrier to deliver it to its destination, the basic rights of the passenger must be legally enshrined and guaranteed: security, human rights, mobility, non-discrimination, assistance in transportation, accessibility, full and reliable information, on the use of remedies, on compensation in case of violation of rights, etc.
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