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Background US racial and ethnic minorities have well-established elevated rates of comorbidities, which, compounded with healthcare access inequity, often lead to worse health outcomes. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to understand existing disparities in minority groups’ critical care outcomes and mechanisms behind these—topics that have yet to be well-explored. Objective Assess for disparities in racial and ethnic minority groups’ COVID-19 critical care outcomes. Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants A total of 2125 adult patients who tested positive for COVID-19 via RT-PCR between March and December 2020 and required ICU admission at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital Systems were included. Main Measures Primary outcomes were mortality and hospital length of stay. Cohort-wide analysis and subgroup analyses by pandemic wave were performed. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to study the associations between mortality and covariates. Key Results While crude mortality was increased in White as compared to Black patients (37.5% vs. 30.5%, respectively; p = 0.002), no significant differences were appraised after adjustment or across pandemic waves. Although median hospital length of stay was comparable between these groups, ICU stay was significantly different (4.4 vs. 3.4, p = 0.003). Mortality and median hospital and ICU length of stay did not differ significantly between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients. Neither race nor ethnicity was associated with mortality due to COVID-19, although APACHE score, CKD, malignant neoplasms, antibiotic use, vasopressor requirement, and age were. Conclusions We found no significant differences in mortality or hospital length of stay between different races and ethnicities. In a pandemic-influenced critical care setting that operated outside conditions of ICU strain and implemented standardized protocol enabling equitable resource distribution, disparities in outcomes often seen among racial and ethnic minority groups were successfully mitigated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-022-01254-1.
Introduction:The way men consume pornography changed over the last decade, with increased numbers of men presenting with self-perceived Internet pornography (IP) addiction and related sexual dysfunction. A lack of consensus and formal recognition in the DSM-5 lead to a variety of definitions of IP addiction. Currently, the majority of evidence linking IP addiction and sexual dysfunction was derived from consumers, case studies, and qualitative research. Where empirical measures were used, researchers found mixed outcomes in sexual response. Inconclusive data appeared to relate to the conflation of IP use and self-perceived IP addiction, and normal variations in sexual response with clinical diagnosis of sexual dysfunction. Thus, further empirical clarification is required to assess the impact of both IP use and self-perceived IP addiction, on men's sexual function.Aims: This study has 3 aims: First, to assess if there is an association between IP use alone and erectile dysfunction (ED), premature (early) ejaculation (EE) and sexual satisfaction (SS); Second, to assess whether there is an association between self-perceived IP addiction and ED, EE and SS. Third, to assess whether IP use or self-perceived IP addiction uniquely predicts ED, EE, SS in men. Method: Correlation and regression analysis was conducted on a cross-sectional sample of 942 heterosexual men aged 18-44 years who participated in an online survey sourced from Reddit IP subgroups.
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