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Classical examples of simple architectures, ranked in terms of their relative efficiency or capacity from less to more, are standard serial (1 -at-a-time) processes, followed by independent parallel (simultaneous) processes, followed by coactive (pooling of parallel channel information), and interactive parallel (e.g., mutually facilitory) processes. Violation of the race model inequality has been thought to rule out ordinary parallel and serial systems. Violation of the race model inequality does exclude many such processes. However, it is proven here that a variety of serial systems that is quite inefficient readily violates the race model inequality. In the Discussion, the authors indicate that the race model inequality still can be highly useful in the identification of mental architecture, when allied with other converging analyses of structure, process rules, and capacity.The identification of mental architecture in perception and cognition remains of high import. Chief among the simple architectures are parallel and serial processing, in which processing is either simultaneous or one-at-a-time (Egeth, 1966: Steinberg, 1966. Early quantitative work, although pointing out certain directions for parallel versus serial experimental discrimination, emphasized problems of model mimicking between these two diametrically opposed types of processing as well as simply understanding the underlying stochastic processes (Atkinson,

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