The soil cover is subject to anthropogenic changes as well as other geoecosystems subjected to pressures due to sources. The results are recorded for the soil cover depending on the type of anthropogenic manifestations, intensity, nature, and number of their manifestations. Moreover, the interferences with the natural landscapes intervene, and from here appear the evaluation process difficulties. In most cases, it is considered that the urban landscape is distinguished by a series of peculiarities regarding the quality of the urban hydrosphere, an atmosphere, and the biosphere, as well as a series of changes in the pedosphere, as a result of land use. Notable for the soil cover, being particularly important is the soil cover the surface of the pedosphere. The complex of ecological parameters can provide important information on the flows and balance within the ecological system. The ecological importance of urban soils has long been underestimated. Urban soils were protected only as a support for construction. It was not until the early 1970s that the first approaches to the study and classification of urban soils were initiate. We can say that in 2020 the situation is completely different, in the sense that urban soilsare studied and evaluated periodically in terms of quality.
Today the red mud generated from alumina production is a resource, a material that can be valorized, an opportunity. The current practice in waste management in some parts of the planet has to be revised. We need to change technologies and become more aware and thoughtful on our footprint on Earth. Red mud is the main waste generated from the bauxite Bayer process. Having a complex composition with predominantly Al2O3 (14-27%), Fe2O3 (19-56%) contents, viable solutions were sought for the reuse of the red mud. A number of applications have resulted in the recovery of metallic components, chemical industry, and building materials industry. A field of red mud applicability, which has enabled the development of innovative and sustainable techniques, is that of the environment. The paper presents the results of the researches carried out in order to valorize the red mud in the treatment of two categories of wastewater: phosphates waters and mine waters. The influence of the experimental parameters on the pollutant removal efficiencies in these wastewaters is highlighted.
A good function of waste-to-energy installation requires knowledge of the combustion characteristics of the fuel and fusion characteristics of the ash produced in the combustion process. Sewage sludge could be considered as renewable fuel due the high quantity of organics of sufficiently high calorific value. The combustion of sewage sludge can cause operating problems due to high ash content containing mineral compounds. This paper presents the oxide composition of three kinds of sewage sludge ashes and the influence on the slagging and fouling process in combustion. For comparation, two coal samples were selected, a low and a high rank coal. The mineral matter were investigated by the X-ray fluorescence analytical technique using the Rigaku CG X-ray Spectrofluorimeter. The evaluation of slagging and fouling process was performed on the basis of some indices: the basic oxides, the base-to-acid ratio, the slagging index and the fouling index. The conclusion based on experimental studies is that depending on mineral content the sewage sludge ash can cause high to moderate slagging and fouling hazard.
The purpose of this study was to produce additional data for the valorization process of vegetable waste originating from dietary supplement technology. Two types of vegetable waste originating from different technological processes of sea buckthorn oil were used: vegetable waste from organic solvent extraction (P1) and vegetable waste from cold extraction (P2). Batch experiments evaluated the influence of pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, and Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The following pollutants—Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn—from the wastewater were studied. The removal efficiency of metals from wastewater was evaluated at pH 3, 5 and 7. The highest metals removal efficiency was obtained at pH 5. It was observed that the Langmuir isotherm fits the adsorption process very well. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that vegetable waste resulting from the sea buckthorn oil industry could have potential applications for removing toxic metals from wastewater due to its high removal efficiency (>80%).
The paper presents the influence of acid neutralization capacity in industrial waste samples as a decision indicator. For the analysis of the acid neutralization capacity, six samples of wastes from different sectors of activity were subjected. A successful method that can be applied to determine the properties of waste is acidneutralizing capacity. The acid-neutralizing capacity was evaluated with HCl 1 N by neutralizing the excess with NaOH 0.5 N after 15 min stirring. From the results obtained it is found that the acid neutralization capacity can provide essential information for the subsequent management of the waste.
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