The very favorable results from treatment of Type I pneumonias and the encouraging although less favorable results in Type II led the clinicians who were aiding in the general pneumonia investigation* to try serum treatment in Type III infections. As the observations and statistics of Bullowa, t Rosenbluth) Park, Bullowa and Rosenbluth, ~ Cecil and Sutliff s of the treatment of patients with Type III pneumonia with specific antiserum did not indicate very favorable results, it seemed to us that it would be interesting to study the effect of the Type III antiserum in the treatment of pneumonia in experimental animals. The progress of the disease could be compared with that of Type I pneumonia in which serum treatment of patients has proved to be of value. In case the animals could be infected and cured, the relative amount of serum necessary could be found and might furnish data on which to base a plan of dosage for further clinical trial of the antiserum.The production of an infection by intradermal inoculation and the subsequent intravenous inoculation of a single dose of antiserum was carried out by a technique slightly modified from that used by Good-
Summary. Resistance to growth of Vibrio cholerae at the mucosa of blind intestinal loops developed in rats after intestinal or parenteral exposure to live organisms or other antigenic materials. Simultaneous serological studies suggested that neither serum vibriocidal activity nor intestinal mucus antibodies are likely to provide a direct test of antibacterial immune status. Challenge of rats 4 weeks after one dose of antigen may reveal a form of immunity that is not related to antibodies in the intestine and possibly is analogous to long-term immunity expressed in man following infection with the organism. This immunity has not been attributed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen and does not appear to involve flagella-associated antigens ; involvement of antigens other than LPS, such as protein antigens of the outer membranes of V. cholerae, has not yet been substantiated. Separation of monomeric sub-units of outermembrane proteins by hydrophobic interaction high pressure liquid chromatography has revealed significant quantitative differences among preparations derived from the common serotypes of the organism. These differences may be sufficient to explain the better protection observed when homologous serotypes were used for immunisation and challenge in the long-term resistance model.
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