Rotaxanes are designated as molecular machines due their different movements. Systematic studies regarding the different conformations adopted by these systems and the factors that lead to the distribution of the conformations, in both solution and the solid state, have not been widely explored, especially for rotaxanes with nonsymmetric stoppers. Therefore, in this study we have investigated three novel [2]rotaxanes containing threads derived from nonsymmetric succinamides [R1R2NC(O)‐CH2CH2‐C(O)NR2R1, with R1/R2 = Bu/Bn, Bu/2‐furylmethyl, and 5‐methylisoxazol‐3‐yl/2‐furylmethyl]. The proportions of rotamers were investigated for threads and rotaxanes by solution and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy as well as by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. In solution, the threads present different proportions of conformer, with the E,Z conformation prevailing, whereas only one conformer is observed in the solid state. For the rotaxanes, only one conformer prevails in the single crystal, whereas the solution and solid (bulk) states present more than one rotamer. These proportions are modified when the threads are incorporated into the macrocycle during rotaxane formation. The intramolecular interactions in each rotamer were investigated by QTAIM and variable‐temperature 1H NMR experiments. The changes in conformational population between the threads and respective rotaxanes can be explained by a set of different intramolecular interactions, with trifurcated hydrogen bonds responsible for most of the stabilization energy.

Herein, electrochemical annulations involving mediators and mediator-free conditions have been discussed. Also, the use of sacrificial electrodes has been explored.

A series of seven N -phenylamides [R–C(O)NHPh, in which R: CH 3 , C(CH 3 ) 3 , Ph, CF 3 , CCl 3 , CBr 3 , and H] were used as models in this study. Molecular packing and intermolecular interactions were evaluated by theoretical calculations, solution NMR, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analyses. Crystallization mechanisms were proposed based on the energetic and topological parameters using the supramolecular cluster as demarcation. Concentration-dependent 1 H NMR experiments corroborated the proposed interactions between molecules. For all compounds (except for R: H, which initially formed tetramers), layers (two-dimensional) or chains (one-dimensional) were formed in the first stage of the proposed crystallization mechanisms. The presence of strong intermolecular NH···O=C interactions promoted the first stages. The study in solution provided different values of association constant ( K ass ) governed by the hydrogen bond NH···O=C, showing that the stronger interactions are directly influenced by the substituent steric hindrance. A correlation between K ass(NH···O=C) from the solution and the NH···O=C interaction energy in the crystal showed a good trend.

The steric effect of thet-butyl group of 1′5′-thread prevents the formation of [2]rotaxane. On the other hand, the 1′3′-thread acts a template to obtain [2]rotaxanes.

Insights into the occurrence of packing and conformational polymorphs and anhydrous/hydrate forms of 1,2-bis­(aminocarbonyl­(1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-[3]­5-yl))­ethanes with the substituents R = Me (a), F-4-Ph (b), Cl-4-Ph (c), and Br-4-Ph (d) in positions 5 (1) and 3 (2) of the pyrazole rings are presented. In this series, two molecular forms were observed, linear and folded. Compound 1a revealed an illuminating and rare example of a highly flexible molecule with packing polymorphism. The molecular stacking and absence of NH···OC interactions promoted polymorph growth. Structure 2a showed chains driven by NH···OC bonds in the anhydrous form and closed dimers by water binding the molecules (NHamide···OHwt···COamide) in the hydrate form. Two different forms were observed for conformational polymorph 2d (linear and folded). The folded form was about −10 kcal mol–1 more stable than the linear form, showing significant crystalline packing differences. This occurrence is attributed to the rotation of the amide groups through the NH···OC bonds. The linear shape showed a higher stabilization energy for NH···OC bonds and a cluster −6 kcal mol–1 more stable than polymorph 2dI. Compounds 1b–d and 2b-c also had their crystal growth proposed and features highlighted.

The conformation adopted by COOEt group in solid state were influenced by supramolecular environment and intramolecular interaction for 1,3- and 1,5-regioisomers, respectively.

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An efficient synthesis methodology for a series of tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines substituted at the 5- and 7-positions from the cyclocondensation reaction [CCC + NCN] was developed. The NCN corresponds to 5-aminotetrazole and CCC to β-enaminone. Two distinct products were observed in accordance with the β-enaminone substituent. When observed in solution, the compounds can be divided into two groups: (a) precursor compounds with R = CF3 or CCl3, which leads to tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in high regioselectivity with R at the 7-position of the heterocyclic ring; and (b) precursor compounds with R = aryl or methyl, which leads to a mixture of compounds, tetrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines (R in the 5-position of the ring) and 2-azidopyrimidines (R in the 4-position of the ring), which was attributed to an equilibrium of azide–tetrazole. In the solid state, all compounds were found as 2-azidopyrimidines. The regiochemistry of the reaction and the stability of the products are discussed on the basis of the data obtained by density functional theory (DFT) for energetic and molecular orbital (MO) calculations.