Shoreline retreat has been the net dominant historical trend along the 145 km-length littoral between Arboletes and Turbo (Southern Caribbean of Colombia). For the last four decades, there were identified in this littoral shoreline retreats of about 50-100m in several places (Uveros, Damaquiel, Zapata, Turbo) and a maximun of 1.6 km in the Punta Rey-Arboletes area, where land losses were of 4.5 k m2, at exceptional rates of 40m/year. The synthesis of the available information suggest that the general “susceptibility” to erosion between Arboletes and Turbo could be related primarily to relative sea level rise, associated to tectonic movements as well as to the effects of mud diapirism and hydroisostacy. In the more critical areas (Arboletes, Turbo), the natural erosive trends were accelerated by anthropic actions, including river diversion (Turbo), beach mining, and inadequate (or total absense) practices for controlling residual and natural waters. Up to August 2000, there were invested about $ Col 10.000 billions in 155 engineering defences (groins, sea walls and rip-rap which totalize 6.2 km of total length and a volume of materials of 37.000 m3). With few exceptions, groins have not been successful and are now part of the problem, accelerating shore erosion along the adyacent sectors. In the short term, the littoral erosion between Arboletes and Turbo is caused both by marine and by subaerial factors. It is facilitated by the poor lithological strengths of cliffs and marine terraces, mainly composed of highly fractured and weathered claystones and mudstones (with stratification and weakeness planes dipping toward sea) and nonconsolidated, easily liquefacted, fine sediments; both conditions facilitate the occurrence of rocks falls, slides and mud flows that result in high figures of cliff retreat (3 to 4m), specially during the first 15 days of the summer-winter transition (april) and in high waves periods. The case of the littoral erosion between Arboletes and Turbo illustrates well how the natural erosive trends of an area can be accelerated by human interventions and the urgent need for coordinating efforts to cope with littoral land losses.
Durante la misión oceanográfica "CARACOLANTE" realizada en noviembre de 1981 en la plataforma continental colombiana del Caribe, medidas rutinarias de temperatura y salinidad fueron ejecutadas.Los resultados permitieron suponer la existencia de "Células ciclónicas" de corriente (hasta la fecha limitada a dos, debido a la falta de datos suficientes). El origen de estas células puede ser el resultado del efecto conjunto de la corriente del Caribe y de la contra-corriente Litoral, hipótesis que se tratará de verificar en crucero posterior, con medidas de corriente y boyas de deriva.Además, un reconocimiento preliminar en la desembocadura del delta del Magdalena, indica igualmente el efecto de esta contra-corriente en la difusión de las aguas fluviales y para la dispersión en el mar de los efluentes en suspensión.During CARACOLANTE campaign conducted on caribbean continental shelf in Colombia, some routine measurements of temperature and salinity allowed to anticipate the existence of flow cyclonic cells, temporarily limited to two cells in consequence of a fragmentary information. Their genesis can be attributed to a joint influence of the Caribbean flow and a coastal conterflow deflected by an obstacle; we shall try to confirm this theory at the time of a next campaign by means of speed measurements and paths of drift buoys.Moreover, a preliminary survey of approaches of Magdalena River Delta also shows the influence of this counter flow over the scattering of fluvial waters and over dispersion of floating throws in the sea. INTRODUCCIONActualmente se están desarrollando investigaciones sedimentológicas en la plataforma continental colombiana del Caribe (Fig. 1). Esto corresponde tanto a un trabajo de iniciación (región poco investigada desde este punto de vista), como de explicación de los fenómenos, puesto que despues de la identificación de las facies sedimentarias y de las formaciones encontradas en la plataforma (VERNETTE, 1982), se necesitaba explicar las modalidades de los procesos que actuan en esta sedimentación.
RESUMENLa investigación sobre el desarrollo de una "flecha litoral" además de aumentar el conocimiento de este fenómeno, juega un papel muy interesante cuando esta evolución natural está perturbada por la influencia del hombre.Los estudios presentados aquí tratan de reconstruir la evolución de la "flecha litoral" del Laguito con la ayuda, de un parte, de las formaciones históricas a partir de la fundación de la ciudad de Cartagena y de otra parte con los datos hicirodinámicos V sedimentológicos. RESUME L'évolution naturelle d'une fleche littorale apporte des informations particulierement intéressantes lorsqu'elle est perturbée par l'intervention de l'homme, tant á l'endroit méme, que dans son voisinage.Cette étude retrace l'évolution de la fleche littorale du Laguito, avec l'aide, d'une part, de données historiques depuis la fondation de la ville de Cartagena et d'autre part, des caractéristiques hydrodynamiques et sédimentologiques de ce systeme.ABSTRACT Natural evolution of a coastal spit takes a special interest when it is disturbed by man made operations. This study describes the historical and recent evolutions of the coastal spit of Laguito (at the rnouth of Cartagena bay) since the founding of the town of Cartagena (Colombia), using old maps, aerial surveyings, hydrodynamic and seclimentological datas.
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