The main objective of this work is the accurate measurement of radon concentration in the public water supplies of the Migdonia basin in Northern Greece. The main aim is to localize the sub-areas that present high radon concentrations in water and to inform the local authorities so that more detailed studies might be set up in these areas. About 80 samples from special bore holes and taps that supply the local population with fresh water were collected in order to obtain detailed radon measurements. For the analyses, a liquid scintillation counting system, using the Packard protocol for measuring radon in water, was employed. The results of the investigation show that radon concentrations in these public water supplies are significant. The concentrations ranged from background concentrations to 170 Bq x L(-1). The level of 50 Bq x L(-1) is exceeded in 23% of water supplies. These preliminary results with initial data interpretation and inter-comparison assessment are presented. These results of the analyses showed that elevated radon concentrations were detected in water samples from an area at the western part of the Lake Volvi, due probably to the local intense tectonism, and from a village above the Lake Koronia.
Surface and groundwater resources are important assets for the economic and social welfare of the population of a given area; they are renewable and with proper management, they contribute substantially to sustained development. Unfortunately, the expansion of industrial and agricultural activities lead to increasing withdrawal of water from the aquifers, excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers and (frequently illicit) disposal of industrial waste. This results in rapid reduction in the quantity and quality of water reserves. There's a compelling call for the development of advanced and inexpensive means to monitor the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of water resources. In response to such requirements, as specified by Directive 2000/60 of the European Commission, TerraMentor E.E.I.G. has spearheaded the development of a multi-channel sensor and system to measure up to 15 physical and chemical parameters (pollutant concentration) facilitating the evaluation of water quality in real time (Watertool™). The system uses the Ion-Selective Electrode technology, which is thoroughly described. Its effectiveness is demonstrated with an application in the area of Kato Souli (NE Attica), which suffers from intense salination (seawater intrusion) and pollution of the aquifer. It is shown that the Watertool is an inexpensive, accurate and fast method to map the quality of groundwater reserves and assist aquifer managers in making effective decisions.
Ces gens ont raison : La controverse christologique de 1165-1166, la question des échanges doctrinaux entre l'Occident latin et Byzance et leur portée politique Abstract : Imported from the West by a Byzantine, Demetrios of Lampe, the controversy that broke out in Byzantium in 1165-1166 over Christ's words "The Father is greater than I," is evidence of the intensity of theological debates between the two worlds, but also of the ability of Byzantine society to respond on its own, i.e. orthodox, terms to a question that emerged from a debate that was internal to Latin society. Contrary to what traditional historiography portrays as the influence of a Latin theologian, Hugo Eteriano, on the Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and as a confrontation between pro-and anti-Latins in Byzantium, the subject is in fact much more complex. If, at the end of this crisis, the Emperor could consider that he had won both internally and externally, one might nonetheless wonder whether, in the long term, this controversy did not contribute to the exacerbation of anti-Latin sentiment in Byzantium. Résumé : Importée d'Occident par un Byzantin, Dèmètrios de Lampè, la controverse qui éclate à Byzance en 1165-1166, sur la parole du Christ « Le Père est plus grand que moi », témoigne de la vivacité des échanges théologiques entre ces deux mondes, mais aussi de la capacité de la société byzantine à répondre en ses propres termes, orthodoxes, à une question issue d'un débat interne à la société latine. Contrairement à ce que l'historiographie traditionnelle analyse comme une influence d'un théologien latin, Hugues Ethérien, sur l'empereur Manuel I er Comnène et un affrontement entre pro et anti-Latins à Byzance, le dossier est bien plus complexe. La position de l'empereur sur la question est d'abord issue de sa propre connaissance théologique. La position de Dèmètrios n'est pas motivée par un « antilatinisme » mais par une volonté politique de défendre l'Orthodoxie. Le débat a donc fondamentalement eu lieu entre Orthodoxes et dans les termes de l'Orthodoxie. Le rôle de Hugues Ethérien a en fait consisté à faire valider par un Latin la pensée théologique de l'empereur offrant à ce dernier l'opportunité de conforter sa politique internationale d'ouverture vis-à-vis de l'Occident et de la papauté. Si à l'issue de cette crise l'empereur pouvait estimer qu'il avait triomphé sur tous les plans, intérieur et extérieur, en revanche on peut se demander si à long terme cette controverse n'a pas contribué à exacerber le sentiment antilatin à Byzance.
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