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Th is study aimed to investigate for the fi rst time the ecological interactions between species of Agaricomycetes and their host plants in Brazilian mangroves. Th irty-two fi eld trips were undertaken to four mangroves in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, from April 2009 to March 2010. One 250 x 40 m stand was delimited in each mangrove and six categories of substrates were artifi cially established: living Avicennia schaueriana (LA), dead A. schaueriana (DA), living Rhizophora mangle (LR), dead R. mangle (DR), living Laguncularia racemosa (LL) and dead L. racemosa (DL). Th irty-three species of Agaricomycetes were collected, 13 of which had more than fi ve reports and so were used in statistical analyses. Twelve species showed signifi cant values for fungal-plant interaction: one of them was hostexclusive in DR, while fi ve were host-recurrent on A. schauerianna; six occurred more in dead substrates, regardless the host species. Overall, the results were as expected for environments with low plant species richness, and where specifi city, exclusivity and/or recurrence are more easily seen. However, to properly evaluate these relationships, mangrove ecosystems cannot be considered homogeneous since they can possess diff erent plant communities, and thus diff erent types of fungal-plant interactions.

<p>Mangroves are transitional ecosystems between terrestrial and marine environments, and are distinguished by a high abundance of animals, plants, and fungi. Although macrofungi occur in different types of habitat, including mangroves, little is known about their community structure and dynamic. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of macrofungi in a number of Brazilian mangroves, and the relationship between such diversity, precipitation and area of collection. A total of 32 field trips were undertaken from 2009 to 2010, and macrofungi were studied in four 250×40m transects: Timbó and Santa Cruz Channel on the Northern coast, and Maracaípe and Ariquindá on the Southern coast. All basidiomata found along the transects were placed in paper bags, air-dried and identified using existing literature. It was found that Northern areas predominantly featured <em>Avicennia schaueriana</em> mangroves, while <em>Rhizophora mangle</em> dominated in Southern transects. A total of 275 specimens were collected, and 33 species, 28 genera, 14 families and six orders were represented. Overall abundance and species richness did not vary significantly among areas, but varied according to time, being higher during the rainy season. Subtle differences in composition were observed over time and between areas, probably due to variations in plant species occurrence. Further studies with collections during months of greater precipitation in transects dominated by different mangrove species of the same ecosystem are suggested to assess the overall diversity of mycobiota in these ecosystems.</p><p> </p>

Rhodofomitopsis roseomagna sp. nov. is described as a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest based on morphological and molecular analyses. The species is characterized by the brownish to lilac, pileate basidiomata, round pores (5–6 per mm), and cylindrical to subcylindrical basidiospores (4–5 × 2.0–2.5 μm). Phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS and nLSU rDNA sequences show that the new species belongs to the recently described genus Rhodofomitopsis. We also propose Rhodofomitopsis flabellata and Fomitopsis bondartsevae as new combinations. Notes on some tropical species of Fomitopsidaceae, description and illustration of the new species, and a key to the species of Rhodofomitopsis reported from the Neotropics are provided.

The new combination Coriolopsis psila is proposed and C. brunneoleuca and C. hostmannii are reported as new to Brazil. Descriptions of these collections and a key to the eight accepted Coriolopsis species reported from Brazil are provided.

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Resupinatus poriaeformis is reported as new to South America. Description of the species and a key to the accepted species of the genus reported to South America are provided.

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