The effects of moisture content on the heating of flaxseed and sunflower seed were studied in an adiabatic thermostat. Under these conditions, storage periods of less than two months produced heating in flax at 11.4% moisture and in sunflower seed at 10.5% moisture. Thus it appears that the commercial limits of 10.5 and 9.5%, moisture respectively are not too low for these grains.Evidence is presented to show that an acceleration in the over-all respiration rate of flaxseed and sunflower seed precedes heating. This indicates that heating is caused by active growth of the microflora on the grain and, at moisture levels in the order of those required for safe storage, normal embryonic activity is insufficient to cause heating.It is suggested that when the relative humidity of the interstitial air in bulk grain exceeds a value of 74% the microflora will grow and heating may ensue. From this it follows that the moisture content of any grain, in equilibrium with air at a relative humidity of 74%, will closely approximate the upper limit permissible for admission to 'straight' grades.
Epicoccum nigrum, Rhinocladiella mansonii, Rhodotorula minuta, and Trichosporon cutaneum were tested for their ability to remove resin acids from supplemented kraft-mill effluent and from a medium containing yeast extract as sole nitrogen source. Up to 39% of the resin acid content was removed by all four organisms. The mutagenic activity of the resin acid preparation, as measured by the induction of gene conversion in a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was low or non-existent.
A laboratory huller of the centrifugal impact type is described and test data on sunflower seed and oats are given using percentage of seed hulled and meats broken as criteria of efficiency. It is shown that hulling efficiency is a function of impact velocity and moisture content of the seed. Low moisture levels give almost complete hulling with high meat breakage while higher moisture levels give practically no breakage of meats but lower levels of hulling.By selecting proper conditions of moisture and impact velocity it was possible to obtain 90 to 95% hulling with less than 10% of broken meats. It is suggested that improved efficiency might be obtained by flash drying to render the hulls more brittle without affecting the moisture level in the meats.
The distribution of acetone-soluble extractives in jack pine trees of different diameters, and at different locations within a single tree was studied. The amount of extractives varied from 3% in a 10 cm diameter tree to 9.6% in a 50 cm diameter tree. Within a single tree the top had the least amount of extract, 2.7%, while the needle bearing twigs had the greatest amount, 4.6%. Gas–liquid chromatographic analysis of the extracts showed that the composition was relatively similar for all sizes of trees and within one tree except in the top and the branches. The heartwood of the tree had a much higher extractive content than the sapwood and contained a higher concentration of resin acids, pinocembrin, and pinobanksin.
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