In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), the burden of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes is rapidly rising, overpassing the existing burden of communicable diseases. Patients with diabetes living in low-income communities face unique challenges related to lack of awareness, difficulty in accessing health care systems and medications, and consequently failure in achieving optimal diabetes management and preventing complications. Effective diabetes prevention and care models could help reduce the rising burden by standardizing guidelines for prevention and management, improving access to care, engaging community and peers, improving the training of professionals and patients and using the newest technology in the management of the disease. In this article, we review the latest research and evidence on effective models of diabetes prevention and diabetes care delivery in low-income settings. We also provide existing evidence relating to the effectiveness of these models in low-resource contexts, with the aim to highlight characteristics and strengths that make their implementation successful and long-lasting.

We do not advocate a change in the current approach of suspicious hepatic nodules, but we do feel that better understanding of the mechanisms involved with hepatic enterobiasis could, in the future, prevent unnecessary surgery.

Since its first discovery as part of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genome, the c-SRC (SRC) proto-oncogene has been proved a key regulator of cancer development and progression, and thus it has been highlighted as an attractive target for anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Though the exact mechanisms of its action are still not fully understood, SRC protein mediates crucial normal cell functions, such as cell development, proliferation and survival, and its dysregulation is considered as an oncogenic signature and a driving force for cancer initiation. In the present review, we present a flashback to the history of the Src research, while focusing on the most important milestones in the field. Moreover, we investigate the proposed regulatory mechanisms and molecules that mediate its action in order to designate putative therapeutic targets and useful prognostic and/or diagnostic tools. Furthermore, we present and discuss existing therapeutic approaches that are explored in clinical settings. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discovery of Rous sarcoma virus 3. Cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes 4. MicroRNAs as the fine tuners of SRC oncogenic signaling 5. miRNA-mediated SRC oncogenic signaling in selected cancer types 6. Exosomes as the fine tuners of oncogenic signaling 7. SRC inhibitors as anticancer agents in clinical trials 8. Conclusion

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Femoral hernias are challenging conditions, not only because their diagnosis is often missed, but also because if left undiagnosed and untreated, their complications are severe and often life-threatening. The authors present the second reported case of a femoral hernia of the Richter’s variety containing caecum and appendix that, following strangulation and perforation, manifested as a groin abscess.

The total T1D cost in this cohort of Greek children was €2712 ppy. The main factor that predicted direct cost was the use of pump. However, pump therapy was associated with better glycaemic control, which may decrease the risk of total long-term diabetes care cost.

Hemipelvectomies are extensive, anatomically disruptive operations, with significant detriment to the psychosomatic well being of the patients. We presented the only reported case of incisional hernia of the urinary bladder following internal hemipelvectomy and our reconstructive method of choice. We believe that, in the case of our patient, if a mesh had been used to reconstruct the primary defect during the initial surgery, this complication could have been prevented.

Metastatic lung cancer to the small bowel is a rare occurrence. Acute complications such as perforation, hemorrhage and obstruction are even rarer. We present 3 cases of small bowel perforation from metastatic lung cancer. All 3 patients underwent emergency laparotomy. In 2 of them there was no obvious macroscopic appearance of metastatic disease either at the site of perforation or in any other area of the abdomen, whereas in the third patient there were hepatic metastases. The postoperative period was uneventful in all three cases. The longest survival was four months. Our cases bring the number of cases reported in the international literature to a total of 43.