Introduction: The practice of street racing has increased in recent years, both for its ease and the low cost involved. This practice, however, involves risks of musculoskeletal injuries. Objective: To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries and analyze associated factors among street racers amateur of Belo Horizonte / MG. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. Sample selection was by convenience. The participants were 100 amateur athletes with at least three months of practice running with minimum frequency of twice a week. We collected data on the prevalence of injuries and associated factors using a structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of injuries among athletes was 40%. Among the factors associated with injury include the distance and the variation in average daily volume of training. Conclusion: The prevalence of injuries in amateur runners is considerable, although it was reported by less than half of the participants. The characteristics of training may trigger injury and should be carefully analyzed so that the race is held securely.
Introduction: Articular range of motion (ROM) is one of the important components measured during physical assessment. Goniometry is employed to measure and to register ROM available in a joint; however, it is necessary that it supplies reliable and standardized measures. Objectives: To verify theinter and intra-examiners reliability of the measures performed by the goniometer and inclinometer in the knee and elbow flexion and extension ROM and to determine the measurement standard error (MSE) of the instruments in question. Methods: The knee and elbow flexion and extension ROM was evaluated in a sample of healthy young males aged between 18-30 years, using a digital inclinometer and a universal goniometer. Results: The interexaminer reliability ranged from small to very high for both instruments presenting ICC of 0.24 to 0.96 for the measures performed with the goniometer and of 0.02 to 0.98 for the inclinometer. The only movement which presented very high reliability for both products and examiners was the knee flexion. The MSE performed with the goniometry and the inclinometry ranged between 0.21 and 12.75 degrees. Conclusion: The present study presented higher reliability for ROM measures obtained with the digital inclinometer when compared with the goniometer. Only four measurements were considered appropriate to be clinically used: those which obtained high ICC and SEM below two degrees, all of these were made with the inclinometer.
APRESENTAÇÃO out. 2009 ACEITO PARA PUBLICAÇÃO fev. 2010 RESUMO: A entorse lateral do tornozelo é umas das lesões mais comuns em atletas e adultos fisicamente ativos. A utilização de instrumentos de avaliação confiáveis e válidos é fundamental na determinação da intervenção terapêutica adequada e, portanto, do sucesso do tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer um levantamento crítico, por meio de uma análise sistemática da literatura, dos instrumentos de medida adequados (questionários e escalas funcionais) disponíveis para a avaliação dos indivíduos que sofreram entorse lateral do tornozelo. Após busca nos bancos de dados Medline e Scielo foram incluídos 11 questionários para avaliação funcional do tornozelo. A escala funcional de extremidade inferior LEFS (Lower extremity functional scale) e a medida funcional de pé e tornozelo FAAM (Foot and ankle ability measure) foram as que apresentaram melhor qualidade metodológica, além de mais informações sobre suas propriedades de medida e suas aplicações práticas -mas não foram traduzidas para o português. Foram encontrados dois questionários traduzidos e adaptados para a população brasileira, o instrumento de instabilidade de tornozelo CAIT (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool) e a escala de tornozelo e retropé AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society -ankle-hindfoot scale). A AOFAS apresentou uma análise mais completa de suas propriedades, sendo portanto o instrumento mais recomendado para avaliação funcional do complexo pé-tornozelo atualmente no Brasil.ABSTRACT: Lateral ankle sprain is the most common injury among athletes and physically active adults. The adoption of valid and reliable clinical assessment instruments is basic for determining the most adequate therapeutic intervention, hence to achieve better rehabilitation. This is a systematic literature review to search for available and reliable outcome measures (questionnaires and functional scales) in the assessment of individuals who suffered lateral ankle sprain. After a search in Medline and Scielo databases a total of 11 instruments were selected and critically analysed. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure showed the best methodological properties and provided more information concerning measurement features and clinical application (but have not been translated into Portuguese). Two instruments were found that were translated and culturally adapted for the Brazilian people, the CAIT (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool) and the AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society -anklehindfoot scale). The AOFAS was found to present a more thorough analysis of its properties and applicability, being thus suggested to be used for functional assessment of ankle and hindfoot in Brazil.
Abstract:INTRODUCTION: Biochemistry is a basic discipline that propitiates a critic and reflexive formation of higher education students in the biological and health area. Biochemistry is an ample science that deals with complex and abstract issues, which are commonly difficult for the students to understand, and therefore contributes to high percentages of failure in the discipline. The objectives of the present study were to develop a teaching/learning methodology to minimize the difficulties regarding the understanding of the didactic contents, to explore the potentialities related to the application of these contents to the practice, and to facilitate the study of the protein structure and function in the discipline of biochemistry. METHODOLOGY: Aiming to introduce and contextualize the biochemistry concepts related to the protein structure and function, five strategies were proposed: the confection of bimolecular models made of low cost materials; the use of the body as a pedagogical tool aiming at the memorization of basic concepts; the development of a script for laboratorial procedures regarding reagent substances related to the day-to-day routine, including practical demonstration of the theoretical contents; the contextualization of the biochemistry in relation to the quotidian life of the student and his/her future professional practice; and the use of the internet as a complementary device of the teaching/learning process that was initiated at the classroom. The proposed methodology was applied to the 35 students of the second semester class of the graduation course of nursing. The results were evaluated based on the perception of the teacher and the answers given by the students in a questionnaire specifically designed for this study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The time necessary to implement the strategies presented at methodology was 150 minutes. According to the teacher, the contents were taught in an easy manner and students were receptive and interested in the explanations. All the 18 students that answered the questionnaire praised the models designed to visually demonstrate the theoretical contents. Two students reported some difficulties related to the understanding of the contents even at the end of the procedures. Additional strategies can be used to correct this remaining deficit. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The methodology developed in this paper seems to be an appropriate proposal to assist the study of proteins and can be used as an additional alternative by biochemistry teachers. Different methodologies used for biochemistry teaching can contribute to better motivation and comprehension by students.
One of the approaches to evaluate injury prediction is the hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque conventional ratio (H:Q ratio). The gold standard for assessment of muscle strength in vivo is by isokinetic dynamometry; however, the one-repetition maximum strength test (1-RM) presents high correlation with isokinetic data. This study aimed to compare measures of H:Q ratio in young adults obtained by dynamometry and 1-RM testing. No significant differences were observed in the H:Q ratio when comparing 1-RM and dynamometry testing. However, there was a significant and strong correlation between the measurements obtained in the two tests. Despite this correlation, data from both tests are not equal as the H:Q ratio obtained from 1-RM test presents a systematic error. Nonetheless, the results can enhance the applicability of 1-RM test in clinical settings.
The structure and contents of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) can contribute to the physical therapists’ clinical practice management and systematization. Although promising, its use is still limited, especially due to the complexity of its application. The aim of this study was to analyze the difficulties related to the use of the ICF to codify activities/ participation of patients with musculoskeletal disorders in the lower limbs and lumbar region, evaluated by a physical therapist. Methods: Reports of patients related to the activities/participation that were altered due to musculoskeletal disorders were used. Data were obtained from the charts and grouped into categories for subsequent coding. Results: Five ICF domains were used to describe the altered activities/participation (mobility, self-care, domestic life, major life areas and community, social and civic life) and four difficulties related to the coding process were identified: (1) multiple codes related to some activities/participation; (2) inaccurate code to detail one activity/participation (run distance); (3) “unspecified” code used for the classification of “getting into the car”; (4) generic codes attributed to activities/participation that refer to sports. Discussion: The possibility of choosing several codes to describe the same condition due to the overlap and interrelation of activities/participation can make the classification process inconsistent in some situations. The absence of detailing concerning some activities/participation can restrict the precision of categorization and data documentation. Conclusion: The ICF allowed the characterization of the health status of individuals, but presented some issues that must be considered in order to obtain its improvement.
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