Chiral plasmonic nanocrystals with varied symmetries were synthesized by l-glutathione-guided overgrowth from Au tetrahedra, nanoplates, and octahedra, highlighting the importance of chiral molecule adsorption at transient kink sites.

Iron oxide nanorings have great promise for biomedical applications because of their magnetic vortex state, which endows them with a low remanent magnetization while retaining a large saturation magnetization. Here we use micromagnetic simulations to predict the exact shapes that can sustain magnetic vortices, using a toroidal model geometry with variable diameter, ring thickness, and ring eccentricity. Our model phase diagram is then compared with simulations of experimental geometries obtained by electron tomography. High axial eccentricity and low ring thickness are found to be key factors for forming vortex states and avoiding net-magnetized metastable states. We also find that while defects from a perfect toroidal geometry increase the stray field associated with the vortex state, they can also make the vortex state more energetically accessible. These results constitute an important step toward optimizing the magnetic behavior of toroidal iron oxide nanoparticles.

The reshaping of metal nanocrystals on substrates is usually realized by pulsed laser irradiation or ion-beam milling with complex procedures. In this work, we demonstrate a simple method for reshaping immobilized Au nanoplates through plasma treatment. Au nanoplates can be reshaped gradually with nearly periodic right pyramid arrays formed on the surface of the nanoplates. The gaseous environment in the plasma-treatment system plays a significant role in the reshaping process with only nitrogen-containing environments leading to reshaping. The reshaping phenomenon is facet-dependent, with right pyramids formed only on the exposed {111} facets of the Au nanoplates. The morphological change of the Au nanoplates induced by the plasma treatment leads to large plasmon peak redshifts. The reshaped Au nanoplates possess slightly higher refractive index sensitivities and largely increased surface-enhanced Raman scattering intensities compared to the flat, untreated nanoplates. Our results offer insights for studying the interaction mechanism between plasma and the different facets of noble metal nanocrystals and an approach for reshaping light-interacting noble metal nanocrystals.

Use of asymmetrically passivated seeds provides a pathway to regioselective overgrowth and nanoparticles with exciting plasmonic properties.

PROBLEMThis paper considers two questions: (1) of the men who are serving their first prison sentences (first "termers"), what proportion have prior histories as adjudicated juvenile offenders; and (2) of the first "termers," how do the AlAlPI profiles of those with prior histories as adjudicated juvenile offenders compare to the AMPI profiles of absolute first offenders (first adjudicated offense). There is a main study and a short replication study.Sutherland and Cressey(6* p . 272) question the popular assumption that "problem children become delinquent children, and delinquent children become criminal adults. While there is some possibility that this is true, it has not been adequately demonstrated."This theoretical assumption has practical consequences. If one assumes that most adult criminals were first adjudicated juvenile offenders, one can argue that treatment resources should be concentrated a t an early stage of the process. For example, the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice(4) supports this position on the basis of this assumption.The second purpose is to compare the AIXPI profiles of two subgroups of first offenders known to differ on degree of criminality'"'. Many studies have shown that AIXPI profiles are related to degrees of criminality in that those who are serving their first prison sentences present MMPI profiles that are different from the AIAIPI profiles of recidivists('). The present study attempts t o further this line of research. METHOD Subjects.A man who enters the Illinois correctional system is received a t one of the two reception and diagnostic centers. One, at Joliet (near Chicago), receives S5-90yo of Illinois admissions. The social history investigation routinely covers official records. Schools, relatives, military, and employers also are contacted. Those who meet the following definitions are included in the study: first prison sentences with confirmed record of adjudicated juvenile offense and first prison sentence with no previous adjudicated offense. There are cases in which the records are not clear or are unavailable. A third group of "possible juvenile offenders" is counted for the purpose of determining minimum and maximum relative frequencies. However, IIRIPI scores represent confirmed juvenile offenders only.I n the main study, the S pool consists of all first "termers" received a t Joliet Over a 2-year period. I n the replication of the I'IA/lPI scores, the sample consists of 100 successive absolute first offenders and 100 successive men who were serving their first prison sentences who have confirmed histories as adjudicated juvenile offenders. RESULTSJuvenile Oflenders. Of the 3044 men who were serving their first prison sentences, 35yo are absolute first offenders, and 12% have confirmed histories of adjudicated juvenile offenses. Another 14% possibly have histories of adjudicated juvenile offenses.At most, 26% of the men who were entering prison for the first time have histories of adjudicated juvenile offenses. These data do ...