The tourist industry is one of the most important economic activities in Greece. The country receives over 32 million visitors per year. Greece has enjoyed increasing numbers of people and revenues from tourism, due to the unique environments that are both natural and man-made that make it a high-profile tourist destination; however, it is already clear that uncontrolled growth of the industry may bring serious environmental and social problems, leading to a decline in the quality of tourist product and services provided. According to the triple bottom line (TBL) philosophy developed by Elkington (1998), sustainable tourist development must be balanced at the same time with economic, social and environmental aims, from a microeconomic point of view, as tools to measure environmental impact. The Prokopiou-Tselentis model is an integrated assessment system for environmental management and impact estimation of a tourism destination. In this paper, we propose the implementation of the Prokopiou-Tselentis model as the economic, social and tourism situation demands data to estimate the development of tourism and its impact on the Greek islands of Cyclades.
Objectives
The technical cost analysis, in order to highlight expensive medicines, is an important factor in the administration of health units. The purpose of the study is to analyse the annual pharmaceutical expenditures in NHS hospitals and to investigate the therapeutic categories requiring greater supervisory, for years 2013–2014.
Methods
The study was conducted at 19 public hospitals (9900 beds) and the data of annual consumption and expenditure incurred on each medicine using ATC classification were collected via observe.net web system and then arranged in descending order based on the Pareto principle.
Key findings
ABC analysis revealed that 21% (J, B, L) items (at ATC‐1 level) represented class A amounting for nearly 80% (91 150 641 euros) of annual NHS pharmaceutical expenditure. Furthermore, approximately 9% (30) items (at ATC‐4 level) represents class A, accounting for nearly 70% of annual pharmaceutical expenditures for year 2013, and 11% of items are responsible for nearly 80% of cumulative ADE for year 2014.
Conclusions
The inventory control is an effective measure for cost management of pharmaceutical expenditure by identifying the drugs requiring stringent control for rational use of funds in public hospitals.
Traditionally Tourism Destination Management organized and promoted a region in becoming successful tourism destination based on a wide range of knowledge and experience, both in the international and local level. The concept of Tourism Sustainable Development however has added several novel factors in this process, including sustainability performance indicators. In this study, the authors present the island of Poros in Greece where carrying capacity estimation has been applied in order to support tourism promotion in an effective and sustainable manner.
Background: In Greece, due to the ongoing economic crisis a number of measures aiming at rationalising expenditure implemented. A new e-prescribing system, under a unified healthcare fund was the main pillar of these reforms focus on monitoring and auditing prescribing patterns.Objective: Main objective of this study was to document the Greek experience with the new national e-prescribing system.
Methods:We analyse the dispensed prescriptions over the period 2013-2014, stratified into four levels: therapeutic subgroup, patent status, physician's specialty and geographical region.Results: Data analysis offered a comprehensive insight into pharmaceutical expenditure over the timeframe and revealed discrepancies regarding composition of spending, brand-generic substitution within certain therapeutic subgroups, physicians' prescribing behaviour based on medical specialty, therapeutic subgroup as well as regional per capita measures.Conclusions: E-prescribing system is a valuable tool providing sound information to health policymakers in order to monitor and rationalize pharmaceutical expenditure, in value and volume terms.
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