This paper examines the influence of aspect ratio α, from zero to infinity, on the effective elastic moduli of a transversely isotropic composite. The reinforcing inclusions, which could be flakes or short fibers, are assumed to be spheroidal and unidirectionally aligned. Of the five independent elastic constants, the longitudinal Young's modulus E11 and in‐plane shear modulus μ12 appear to increase with increasing aspect ratio, while the transverse Young's modulus E22, out‐plane shear modulus μ23, and plane‐strain bulk modulus K23, generally decrease. It is further noted that E11 is more sensitive to α when α > 1 but the others are more so when α < 1. The present analysis was carried out by the combination of Eshelby's and Mori‐Tanaka's theories of inclusions.
In this paper, we examined the effect of electron tunneling upon the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer nanocomposites. A CNT percolating network model was developed to account for the random distribution of the CNT network using Monte Carlo simulations, where the tunneling resistance between CNTs was established based on the electron transport theory. Our work shows several novel features that result from this tunneling resistance: (i) direct contact resistance is the result of one-dimensional electron ballistic tunneling between two adjacent CNTs, (ii) the nanoscale CNT-CNT contact resistance should be represented by the Landauer-Büttiker (L-B) formula, which accounts for both tunneling and direct contact resistances, and (iii) the difference in contact resistance between single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) can be modeled by the channel number in the L-B model. The model predictions reveal that the contact resistance due to electron tunneling effects in nanocomposites with dispersed SWCNTs plays a more dominant role than those with MWCNTs. These results compare favorably with existing experimental data and demonstrate that the proposed model can properly estimate the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites containing homogeneously dispersed percolating CNT network.
A simple, albeit approximate, theory is developed to determine the elastoplastic behavior of particle-reinforced materials. The elastic, spherical particles are uniformly dispersed in the ductile, work-hardening matrix. The method proposed combines Mori-Tanaka’s concept of average stress in elasticity and Hill’s discovery of a decreasing constraint power of the matrix in polycrystal plasticity. Under a monotonic, proportional loading the latter was characterized, approximately, by the secant moduli of the matrix. The theory is established for both traction and displacement-prescribed boundary conditions, under which, the average stress and strain of the constituents and the effective secant moduli of the composite are explicitly given in terms of the secant moduli of the matrix and the volume fraction of particles. In particular, the yield stress and work-hardening modulus of the composite are shown to be inversely proportional to the deviatoric part of average stress concentration factors of the matrix, and therefore will increase (or decrease) with increasing hard (or soft) particle concentration. It is also found that, even if the matrix is plastically incompressible, the composite as a whole is not. Comparison between the theory and the experiment for a silica/epoxy system shows a reasonable agreement. The theory is also compared with a recently developed one by Arsenault and Taya; while both give the same initial yield stress for the composite, the work-hardening modulus predicted by their theory is found to be higher.
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