This is a report of progress of an investigation concerning the effect of electrolytes on the liquid absorption of clays tempered to maximum plasticity. Data curves are presented to show that sodium silicates do have an influence on absorption when the silicates are added to the tempering water. The observed results are explained on the basis that the sodium silicate reduces the angle of contact and increases the adhesion tension of the clay-water system. The results of this paper are suggestive of a possible extension of this principle to explain, a t least in part, some of the phenomena of deflocculation and plasticity.
The commercial underclays of Indiana are used extensively in the manufacture of heavy clay products in that State; the use of native underclays for making pottery and refractories has been comparatively limited. Field and laboratory data relating to those underclays now being utilized by the clay plants of the State are summarized. The data, for the most part, are based upon field observations and laboratory tcsts made by the writer. The underclays are discussed with reference to their stratigraphical occurrences, physical characteristics in the outcrop, and physical properties as determined in the laboratory by chemical analyses and fire tests. The data selected for each underclay horizon are representative of the average quality of the clay used commercially from that horizon. Brief mention is made also of the qualities of underclays in horizons other than those being utilized at the present time.
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