AMKL has been reported in DS. W e have observed recently a child with DS who developed AMKL as well as two newborn infants with Transient Leukemia (TL) which appeared to be AMKL. During a 10 year period 24 cases of leukemia (excluding TL) in DS were observed in our institute. Of them 4 were considered to have AMKL. Review of the above cases and 66 cases reported previously lead to the following conclusions: 1. Approximately 20% of leukemia (excluding TL) in DS is AMKL. 2. Approximately 20% of all leukemia in DS is TL. 3. TL in DS is AMKL. 4. Recurrence of AMKL occurs in 20% of TL. 5. The incidence of AMKL in DS is estimated to be 400 x that in normal children. These observations suggest that a specific form of leukemia, namely AMKL, has a remarkable association with DS.
IMMUNOLOGY
SYNTHESIS OF INFLUENZA A VIRUS (IAV) AND ENDOGENOUS PROTEINS IN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES (PMNLs).
A 807Jon S. Abramson, Lisa F. Cassidy, Douglas S. Lyles. Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology. Winston-Salem, North Carolina. PMNLs are well differentiated cells and are thought to have very little biosynthetic activity, however a few studies have shown that PMNLs can produce proteins when exposed to exogenous stimuli. Previous reports have also indicated that infection of PMNLs with IAV causes depression of metabolic and chemotactic responses, but the effect PMNLs have on the lifecycle of IAV has not been well defined. The present study was done to determine whether IAV can produce proteins and replicate within PMNLs. Early stages of virus-PMNL interaction were examined using binding assays with radiolabeled IAV and electron microscopy. Individual virus particles were taken up in coated pits and by 20 min were noted to be in endocytic vacuoles. Newly synthesized proteins were detected within PMNLs by incubating Ls with virus or buffer for 6 hours, labeling the PMNLs with '?-methionine for an additional hour, and analyzing the cell lysates by gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Host proteins were produced by buffer-treated PMNLs and both host and virus specific proteins were produced by IAV-infected PMNLs. Studies using immunofluorescent techniques combined with flow cytometry confirmed that newly synthesized viral antigens were produced by virus-infected PMNLs. Plaque assays on supernatant fluid from IAV-infected PMNLs showed that infectious progeny were not produced. These data indicate that protein production occurs in both unstimulated and IAV infected PMNLs and that IAV infection of PMNLs is abortive. Mean total IgE was higher in C D (22 IU/ml) than in H (3.1 IU/ml, p<.01); total IgG4 values were 87 mg/l in C D and 56 mg/l in H (p>.l).IgE and IgG4 antibodies t o all caseins were higher in C D than H (p<.05). IgG antibodies t o all proteins were markedly elevated in CD (p<.OOl).There was n o difference in antibodies of C D infants with colitis compared t o those without colitis. There was a tendency for antibodies t o b e higher in CD with severe small bowel changes t...
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