Ceramic membranes are still quite innovative to organic solvent nanofiltration. Nevertheless, flux and rejection results obtained in filtration measurements seem to depend largely on the experimental procedure, membrane production batch and setup. Therefore, an experimental approach is described, which proved to provide reproducible and reliable results that may be used as data set to derive parameters in model development.
Tandem reactions, with their great potential for reduction of capital and operational costs, reaction time, and byproducts are becoming more prominent. Among possible tandem reaction systems for direct conversion of CO 2 to green fuel, dimethyl ether synthesis via methanol route is of vital importance. However, there are several parameters which must be considered for the combination of two catalysts to achieve promising performance, of those, the distance between the two catalysts is a crucial one. This distance can affect the overall performance of the tandem system by causing external mass transfer limitations or the poisoning of the catalysts. This work presents a systematic study on the influence of the distance between the two catalysts for the CO 2 to dimethyl ether tandem system.
As large amounts of CO 2 become available as feedstock due to the implementation of carbon capture techniques, there is an increasing interest to find new applications in the chemical industry. Our vision is to incorporate the CO 2 into polymers in order to increase the sustainability and to decrease the CO 2 footprint of polymeric materials. However, as CO 2 is a molecule low in energy, highly reactive reaction partners are needed. The copolymerization between CO 2 and epoxides to polyethercarbonates as a prime example of a thermodynamically allowed reaction can be catalyzed efficiently with double metal cyanides [1]. Cyclic carbonate is formed as a side product.To monitor the copolymerization of CO 2 and propylene oxide and to follow the concentrations with time, the reaction was followed with online ATR-IR spectroscopy. The details of the formation of polyethercarbonates with respect to catalyst activity, selectivity, and process parameters were explored. In a first approximation, the reaction order was considered first order with respect to propylene oxide. On the other hand, an increasing pressure of CO 2 led to reduced rate due to substrate inhibition. This model predicted the experimental results with high accuracy.[1] J.
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