The safe and efficient movement of passengers to and from the high-capacity transit system to other modes of transportation is of paramount importance to transportation officials. Transit stations are the primary interfaces for passengers with the transit system. This paper presents a procedure which could be used to develop station design criteria and guidelines with a focus on intermodal connectivity. The proposed procedure may be used for developing station design criteria and guidelines for high-capacity transit systems including rail project and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). A successful implementation of the transit projects will result in higher ridership rates and hence reduce dependency on automobile driving along Florida highways.
Access to safe drinking water is a challenge for students in primary and secondary schools in Tanzania. Only 32.7% of primary and secondary schools in Tanzania have access to safe drinking water and the point-of-use water treatment is rarely used. The traditional water disinfection method by boiling is often limited in boarding schools due to cost and time constraints. The objectives were to assess the willingness and attitude of boarding school students toward the use of the alternative water treatment method and determine the quality of drinking water before and after the introduction of the new method. Chlorine tablets were used due to their availability, ease of use, cost, and effectiveness. Weekly evaluations on usage, performance, and acceptability of chlorine tablets were assessed on 42 randomly selected students over a 3-week period in parallel with water sampling and testing before and after using chlorine tablets. Before the introduction of chlorine, only 17% of the students were aware of chlorine tablets, and water sources tested positive for fecal coliform. After introducing the new method, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the attitude of students toward water treatment (100%), water quality (78%), and water consumption (67%). The work demonstrates the need to provide access to cost-effective household water treatment methods, especially in public schools that lack access to safe water.
Traffic crashes are among the major cause of fatalities in most developing countries. A lack of a centralized historical crash database impedes the efforts to perform large-scale studies to understand the causes of crashes. However, the information for most major crashes are normally shared on social media. Therefore, this study used social media posts to extract information related to head-on and run-off roadway (ROR) crashes that occurred between 2010 and 2020. A total of 661 crashes were collected, which included 409 head-on and 252 ROR crashes. Geographical Information System (GIS) applications and multinomial logit models were developed to understand the spatial distribution of crashes and the resulting severity. It was found that the spatial distribution of crashes differs significantly by type and severity. Head-on collisions were predominant in two eastern regions, while ROR collisions appeared to spread on a large scale across the entire country. The pattern of fatal collision includes one southern region in addition to the two Eastern regions. Conversely, the pattern of non-injury crashes shows predominance along the coastal area. The Multinomial model results showed that speeding was two times more likely to result in fatalities for ROR crashes. Crashes in rural areas were about two times more likely to be fatal, given that they were head-on collisions. Further, bus-involved crashes were less likely to result in injuries. The implications of these study findings to the practitioners are discussed.
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