Color filters are promising tools for the correction of color vision deficiency because a medical cure of this physiological deficiency is unattainable. After the introduction of organic-dye based color filters, however, no appreciable progress has been made. In this study, gold nanoparticlebased plasmonic color filter devices, that is, EyEye-lens and EyEye-film, were developed for the correction of color vision deficiency. The EyEye-lens was prepared by a simple immobilizing technique, and the EyEye-film was readily synthesized through a one-pot method. These color filter devices are based on tunable localized surface plasmon resonance in the visible and nearinfrared spectral range. Plasmonic nanoparticles embedded in the color filter provide a specific spectral color range for the correction of color vision deficiency. Careful color vision tests using an Ishihara plate were performed on subjects with red-green color deficiency. Statistical analysis of the color vision tests revealed that the EyEye-lens and EyEye-film have similar or better performance in the correction of red-green color deficiency than a commercial ChromaGen lens. The newly developed color filter devices should be considered as alternative personalized color filter devices for practical applications.
This paper presents a system for optoelectronic beam steering of a phase antenna array. The microwave signal from an RF generator controlled by a pulse generator is transmitted to the electrical input of an optical elevation control unit, which generates N microwave signals with independent amplitude and phase. The control unit utilizes an optical wave from a laser. All outputs of those control units are connected to inputs of N optical azimuth control units, which provide M linear element antennas control. Those units utilize an optical wave from a second laser. This way an M x N element of a planar antenna control is provided. The presented method is compared with the classical and electronic method, which consists of multi-bits microwave phase shifters for producing an electronic scanning effect. On the basis of this concept we realized 16-element linear antenna array printed on a dielectric substrate fully controlled by an optoelectronic system. A tuned wavelength laser in the range 1520-1600 nm and 10 mW optical output power has been used as an optical signal source. The optical signal is modulated by a microwave signal. The applied modulator operates in the third optical window, allowing optical signal modulation to 10GHz. Very high resolution and an excellent accuracy of the antenna beam positioning can be achieved. The optimal technique depends on the number of antenna elements, which implicates beam width. The presented method is preferred for very narrow antenna beams.
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