This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of mulberry juice (MJ) and mulberry vinegar (MV). MV, with acidity of 6.05% and a pH 3.06, was obtained from MJ after 8 days with alcohol fermentation and 20 days with acetic acid fermentation at 30℃. After fermentation, the major sugars in MV were lactose, glucose, and fructose, showing 1,310.06, 293.20, and 41.25 mg%, respectively. The major organic acids in MV were acetic acid (2,725.59 mg%), citric acid (524.66 mg%), and succinic acid (480.63 mg%). The total free amino acid content of MV, such as lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, was 34.52 mg%. MJ and MV showed radical scavenging activities with respect to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), superoxide anion (O 2-), and nitric oxide (NO) radicals in dose-dependent manner, which were closely related to the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in MJ and MV. In addition, a strong scavenging effect with regards to the OH radical was observed in MJ and MV, an IC 50 value of 0.04 μg/mL. In particular, MV showed a higher O 2 radical scavenging activity than that of MJ. These results suggest that MV can be used as a functional vinegar with antioxidant activity against free radicals.
In this study, we investigated the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of fermented vinegar using onion and black onion. When the onion and black onion were fermented in alcohol for 8 days, the alcohol content in both onion vinegar (OV) and black onion vinegar (BV) increased, whereas their sugar content decreased. The alcohol content was higher in OV than that in BV. When the onion and black onion were fermented in acetic acid for 20 days, the pH of both OV and BV decreased, whereas their total acidity increased. After fermentation, the main free sugars of OV and BV were fructose and glucose, and they were higher in BV than in OV. The major organic acids in OV and BV were acetic acid and malic acid, and the content of acetic acid was higher in BV than that in OV. In addition, OV and BV increased 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS + ) radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DPPH and ABTS + radical scavenging activities were greater in black onion juice than in onion juice. The BV showed a higher DPPH and ABTS + radical scavenging activities than OV. Therefore, BV is the more suitable antioxidant functional vinegar through radical scavenging activity.
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