Hydrological studies of rainfall-runoff processes provide the basis for estimating design flows for urban stormwater drainage systems which control floods and the transport of sediments and pollutants. This paper outlines the theory of urban rainfall-runoff processes and describes the development of modelling practice and the current use of computer models. It concludes that rainfall-runoff theory has reached a mature stage, and highlights deficiencies and dilemmas which require further research, including rainfall variability, scale effects and interfacing between models. RESUME L'étude des processus hydrologiques intervenant dans la transformation pluie-débit fournit les elements nécessaires a l'estimation des debits de projets dans les systèmes urbains d'assainissement pluvial. Ces derniers contrólent les inondations ainsi que Ie transfert des flux de sediments et de pollution. Cet article fait le point des connaissances actuelles sur ces processus en zone urbaine. Il présente ensuite les modèles pratiques les plus couramment utilises ainsi que les outils informatiques qui leur servent de support. La principale conclusion est que la modélisation en hydrologie urbaine a atteint une certaine maturité. Malgré tout certaines insuffisances et incertitudes nécessitent des recherches complémentaires. C'est en particulier le cas de la prise en compte de la variabilité spatiale des pluies ainsi que des effets d'échelle qui posent des problèmes d'inter facage entre les modèles.
On-site stormwater detention (OSD) requirements are applied by most municipalities in Sydney, Australia. Persons redeveloping properties served by existing drainage systems must provide storages for stormwater, to compensate for increased runoff from the new development. While OSD is widely accepted, procedures differ considerably between municipalities. Many designers criticise guidelines and design methods, and express doubts about the maintenance and economy of OSD systems. This paper surveys the application of OSD in Sydney, describes typical installations, and reviews their effectiveness. It sets out the main arguments for and against OSD systems, discusses alternatives, and indicates how systems and procedures will evolve in the future.
The New South Wales State Government has embarked on a multi-billion dollar programme of pollution abatement in Sydney, The socio-economic and political factors which have prompted this are described, These illustrate the complexities of dealing with pollution problems while social values alter, public organisations experience administrative change and financial pressures, and politicians try to balance environmental and economic objectives, The technical progress of the Sydney initiatives to reduce storm water runoff and sewer overflow pollution is also outlined.
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