Objective: Pulpectomy is the conservative treatment approach that retains and preserves the primary tooth in the dental arch in its normal function and non-pathologic state until its exfoliation. Over the years, pulpectomy has been performed using various instrumentation techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of root filing and instrumentation time using Kedo-S files, Reciprocating files and K-files in primary teeth. Material And Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 45 primary molars equally distributed for instrumentation with Kedo-S files, reciprocating files and K-Files. Immediate post-operative digital radiographs were taken to evaluate the quality of root filing and root canal instrumentation time was also recorded. Results: Mean instrumentation time with Kedo-S was 75.6 seconds, reciprocating file was 190.6 seconds and K-file was 95.4 seconds. Highest optimal fill was obtained with Kedo-S file group, highest overfill was obtained with Kedo-S group and highest under fill was obtained with reciprocating file group. Conclusion: Kedo-S rotary system provides better quality of root canal filling in minimum instrumentation time.KEYWORDS Pulpectomy; Primary teeth; Root canal filling; Rotary files.

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Fishes serve as intermediate hosts to a number of avian digenetic trematodes. A survey on 10 different species of freshwater fishes belonging to 8 families from River Godavari from August 2005 to September 2007 revealed a total of 10 metacercariae of digenetic trematodes from five families i.e., Clinostomidae Lühe, 1901; Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886; Isoparorchiidae (Travassos, 1922); Strigeidae Railliet, 1919 and Heterophyidae (Leiper, 1909) Odhner, 1914. The metacercarial fauna dominated the adult parasitic fauna of the freshwater fishes.

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Objective:Mottling and pitting of enamel due to excess fluoride consumption may affect one's self-esteem due to unaesthetic appearance and also in turn can affect the quality of life. This present study was conducted to assess various treatment approaches available for patients with dental fluorosis.Materials and Methods:Literatures were searched from August 1998 to August 2019 for articles in the management of dental fluorosis. The databases used were National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and Google Scholar. In NCBI, the filters were modified to randomized controlled trial, clinical trial, human trial, and free full-text articles. The following queries were used in order to search for the article: treatment for dental fluorosis, intervention of dental fluorosis, and management of dental fluorosis.Results:All the five studies selected after screening were randomized controlled trials. Total number of patients included in this study were 304 with the mean age of 17.7 years old. They were treated with microabrasion, bleaching, resin infiltration or combination of microabrasion with bleaching, and resin infiltration with bleaching. Microabrasion resulted in less esthetic improvement compared with bleaching. Meanwhile, resin infiltration showed a greater improvement in esthetics in comparison to bleaching. Resin infiltration with additional infiltration time and combination of resin infiltration with bleaching are the best treatment options.Conclusion:Based on this systematic review, resin infiltration with increased infiltration time is the best treatment approach in treating dental fluorosis.

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A study was carried out between March 1990 and February 1991 to determine the prevalence and intensity of hookworm infection in 151 primary schoolchildren, aged 6-12 years, in Jalaripet, a slum area in South India predominantly inhabited by fishermen. Pre-treatment stool samples were processed by a modified formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique to determine ova counts. All children were treated with pyrantel pamoate and post-chemotherapy stools were collected over 48 h to recover expelled worms. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 45% and the mean egg count was 192 eggs/g. The mean worm burden was 1.25 worms/child. The influence of host factors such as age and sex, environmental factors and behavioural factors on the intensity of egg output and worm burden was investigated.

Space maintainers are used to minimise undesirable drifting of teeth in the dental arch. Using space maintenance after the loss of primary teeth restricts the creation of spaces. Space maintainers also prevent the development of malocclusion due to space. The primary teeth loss can lead to different dental malocclusions like midline shifts, space loss and also crowding of teeth. Gropers appliance is a space maintainer used for children who have lost their primary anterior due to accident or caries. Gropers appliance is a fixed partial denture used for aesthetic purposes. This is used to restore mastication and speech to prevent abnormal oral habit development and also for aesthetics. The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of Gropers appliance in Pediatric Dentistry. This was a retrospective study done under a University setting. All the patients' records were collected from June 2019 to March 2020 and were reviewed. The data included patients who required space maintainers. The data was tabulated and entered in excel and the data were analysed using SPSS package software. p<0.05 was considered to be the level of statistical significance in the study. The prevalence of Gropers appliance in Pediatric Dentistry was found to be 39.6%. There was a male prevalence of 55.6% in receiving a Gropers appliance. The common age who received it was 3 years old. Within the limitation of current study, the prevalence of Gropers appliance was 39. 6% with the common age of children being 3 yrs.