Bees are the most important pollinators of agricultural plants. The decline of bee colonies is caused by a multitude of factors of which diseases, pesticides, and climate change seem to be the most important. Losses can be huge when several factors act together. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of alternative sources such as medicinal plants in the form of extracts or essential oils. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the economic efficiency of the use of essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum veruum), clove (Syzgium aromaticum), juniper (Juniperus communis L.), oregano (Oreganum vulgare), mint (Mentha piperita), rosemary (Rosmarius officinalis), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) in the additional feeding of bee colonies in the spring. Ninety colonies of Apis mellifera bees were used, which were additionally fed with sugar syrup and one of the essential oils. Our results showed strong positive correlations between the total number of germs in the gut of worker bees and the number of brood cells when using the essential oil of oregano (Oreganum vulgare) (R2 = 0.786) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) (R2 = 0.729), and between the total number of germs and the yield of honey obtained at the first harvest in the case of the essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum) (R2 = 1), mint (Mentha piperita) (R2 = 0.718), oregano (Oreganum vulgare) (R2 = 0.621), and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L) (R2 = 0.859). The best profit from the sale of honey was obtained in the case of the use of essential oils of mint, oregano, thyme, and basil, in a range of EUR 139.16–144.73/bee colony.
The necessity of the intercultural steps is evidently related to business globalization and internationalization. The associated social phenomena are strongly influenced by the cultural features, by the communication difficulties between cultures, by the cultural shock and the adaptation to another culture, by the commercial failures and the personal frustrations derived from them. These are but a few examples of challenges that accompany the organizations, whether public or private, on their way towards their goal achievement. The success or the failure of a national economy is strongly influenced by a set of cultural features, not only by the natural or technical factors. In the international literature there are some models that are meant to put an end to the main factors that form a culture and thus difference between the cultures all over the world. The best known and used model is the Geert Hofstende model. It is the standard instrument used to describe the cultural impact over only one economy. This study tries to underline the main components of the Romanian culture. We used our own questionnaire in order to be able to quantify the Romanian culture based on the cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede.
The mission of ethics is not only to expose the theoretical aspects of morality, but also to be a practical, real guide in guiding and improving the moral life of society. Defined over time in different ways, depending on the context or the specific field of practical applicability, ethics has been focused on the principles and standards that should govern the social relationships between individuals and organizations and have always prompted the interest of those interested in living in a better world, mindful of the needs and aspirations of others, to appreciate true human values and to promote exemplary patterns of behavior. The role of ethics is to help people and institutions decide what is best to do, what criteria to chooseand what their moral motivations are in their actions. For Romanian companies confronted with the difficulties arising from the transition from one society to another, from one system of values to another, business ethics is not only a new issue but a very important one. Achieving the balance between ethics and profitability in a society in which there is a major competition in capital and wealth, accumulation is proven to be a problem hard to solve.In Romania, managerial ethics is of particular importance as compared to other countries with well-established market economy mechanisms. Ignoring ethical business development under the pretext that law enforcement (which are often contradictory) is sufficient is the same as ignoring the fact that managers are not simply executives when faced with decisions with ethical implications, they have their own values, often being forced to choose between personal aspirations and organizational responsibilities.
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