BackgroundReproducible and descriptive Three-dimensional treatment evaluation can enhance future treatment based on realistic results. So, the purpose of this study was to describe a new method for three-dimensional treatment evaluation showing how to use fully-automated craniofacial superimposition of CBCT records combined with reference system to obtain descriptive and comparable results. This new method was named United Reference Method (URM).MethodsURM is a combination of automated 3D superimposition on anterior cranial base surface anatomy and measurements based on reference system. It was developed to show how to use fully-automated superimposition to obtain descriptive numerical comparable values. The method is based on: one main reference system for both superimposed CBCT records, semi-automation to increase accuracy, all measurements are projections and auxiliary references to aid in landmarks identification and measurements.The method steps can be described following a four-step approach: (1) Superimposition performed through a fully automated, voxel-wise, rigid registration considering only cranial base as a stable structure; (2) Identification of reference landmarks once on the superimposed records for corrected Frankfort Horizontal plane (C-FH) construction and a new semi-automated constructed Sella point to correct Orbital asymmetry; (3) Head orientation of superimposed CBCT images based on the C-FH; (4) Identification of landmarks affected by treatment with the aid of auxiliary reference planes. Evaluation of linear or angular changes derived by projection of same pre- and post-treatment landmarks on the C-FH. Pre- and post-expansion CBCT scans of 20 unilateral cleft lip and palate patients were used to calculate intra and inter-rater reliability. (X, Y and Z) coordinates, mean, standard deviation (SD) and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated.ResultsThe proposed coordinates for C-FH construction showed ICC ≥ 0.998 and SD ranging from 0.064 to 0.242 mm. On the other hand, excluded coordinates due to expected natural craniofacial asymmetry had the lowest reliability ICC ≥0.742 and SD dramatically increased up to 1.112 mm.ConclusionURM showed adequate reliability so it can be used to produce three-dimensional descriptive data of craniofacial structural changes.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a reproducible method to measure the change of palatal volume and area through superimposition using maxillary expansion digital cast models. Materials and Methods: A total of 10 pre-and 10 postexpansion dental cast models were scanned by the same cone-beam computed tomography machine. Superimposition was performed using a fully automated surface-best fit of the palatal surfaces on the digital cast models. A gingival plane, identified only once on superimposed casts, and a distal plane with the lateral closing border and the palatal surface were used to localize this selection of air. Area and volume were calculated for pre-and postexpansion records. Pre-and postexpansion palatal volume and area were measured by the main investigator and three different observers for inter-and intra-observer reproducibility assessment. Results: The level of intra-and inter-observer agreement was very strong (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.953; P value , .0001) for all measurements. Conclusions: Palatal volume and area measurements based on the proposed superimposition are reproducible and can be used reliably. (Angle Orthod. 2018;88:397-402.)
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory virus syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, was defined as pandemic on March 11, 2020. All health care providers are at risk of a COVID-19 infection; however, dentists pose the highest risk since SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through breathing and aerosol, coughing and droplets and direct or indirect contact with infected skin and surfaces. Guidelines for minimizing the risk of transmission in general dental clinics have been published and are regularly updated. Objective The present article aims to specifically address the concerns of the orthodontic profession amid the COVID-19 crisis, and suggest recommendations for orthodontic care settings, infection prevention measures and delivery of clinical procedures. Data Sources An electronic search was conducted via PubMed/MEDLINE, Google and health organization websites from two independent data abstractors. Study Selection All kinds of manuscripts describing guidelines for health care providers to follow during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. No language restrictions were considered. Any disagreements on study inclusion were resolved by discussion between the two reviewers. Data Extraction Information on guidelines and suggestions on the management of clinical orthodontic practice were extracted from studies identified for inclusion in the review. Data Synthesis Orthodontists are at a very high risk for COVID-19 infection and all published guidelines should be followed for the patient and DHCPs safety. The care settings, the infection protocols, and the delivery of AGP clinical procedures must be continuously revised and modified to overcome the threat of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the orthodontic practice.
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