The results of x-ray diffraction measurehens of a lead magnoniobate single crystal-PbMglpNb2/jO3, performed on a four-circle diffractometer with MO Kci radiation. are described. It is'confirmed that even at relatively high temperatures lead ions are shifted from the highaymetry position. It is shown that these shifts are random both in length and direction. A spherical layer model is proposed for the adequate description of the experimental data. The correspondence between the crystal structure and the physical properties of the crystal is discussed.
The development of X-ray diffractometry at the turn of the 21st century is presented. The review covers instrumentation development for structural studies based on the use of both standard continuously radiating X-ray generators and state-of-the-art sources of ultrashort and ultra-bright X-ray pulses. The latter technique enables investigation of the structural dynamics of condensed matter in a 4D space–time continuum with a resolution reaching a tenth of a femtosecond. New engineering approaches to enhancing the sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency of X-ray diffraction experiments are discussed, including new and promising X-rays sources, reflective collimating and focusing X-ray optical devices, and fast low-noise and radiation-resistant position-sensitive X-ray detectors, as well as a new generation of X-ray diffractometers developed based on these elements. The presentation is focused on modern engineering solutions that enable academic and applied-research laboratories to perform X-ray diffraction studies on-site, which earlier were only feasible using synchrotron radiation sources at international resource sharing centers.
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