Background/aim: Negative-calorie diets (NCDs) are among the popular dieting guides for weight loss; however, there is still little knowledge about this method. The present study aimed to determine the effects of a NCD supplemented with exercise on weight loss and lipid profile, and to compare its efficiency with low-calorie diets (LCDs) with exercise among elderly adult men with abnormal weight gain.
Materials and methods:Participants included sedentary men (aged 45-75 years) who were overweight or obese (n = 37). They were randomly divided into 2 groups: a group with a NCD and exercise, and a group with a LCD with exercise. Of all 37 participants, 30 completed the treatment. Weight assessment parameters, including changes in weight and body composition and blood sample tests, were performed before and 3 months after intervention.Results: All parameters decreased significantly in both groups. Elevation in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (P < 0.001) was different between the 2 groups. The decline in the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio was greater in the LCD than the NCD group.
Conclusion:Contrary to expectations, both weight-loss diets were equally efficacious.
Background: Exercise training appears to have an essential role in maintaining motor responses. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the steady-state postural response to neuromuscular and proprioceptive training (NPT) in active middle-aged women. Methods: Forty-four active women (mean age, 53.2 ± 6.1 years) completed this cross-sectional study. During the 12-week study, the NPT group (n = 20) performed the NPT program, while the control group (n = 24) followed the usual warm-up routines. Postural stability in different visual conditions was measured in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) planes during quiet standing on a foam mat at baseline and after the intervention using a force platform. Results: The NPT could significantly improve postural balance in the ML plane with Eyes Open (EO) (P = 0.005) and Eyes Closed (EC) (P = 0.004) and in the AP plane with EO (P = 0.006) and EC (P = 0.003). Estimates of mean CoP total velocity with EO (P = 0.005) and EC (P = 0.004) also revealed significant interaction effects on any CoP parameter. However, values of partial eta squared effect size only in the AP direction indicated a large, powerful significance for the EC condition. Conclusions: The NPT is effective in improving postural steadiness in middle-aged women. Therefore, it might have a direct effect on decreasing the falling risk of active middle-aged women.
Some controversy remains regarding the effects of aquatic exercise on body weight and composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term impacts of the WATERinMOTION aquatics exercise program on body weight and composition without nutritional intervention in sedentary older women with overweight/ obesity. The study was developed as a quasi-experimental project (pre/post-study). Forty-four inactive women were volunteers from a convenience sample with a mean age of 71.1±5.7 years (Ukraine, 2019). Participants were allocated randomly into two groups: WATERinMOTION (n=22) or a control group (n=22). Meanwhile, the WATERinMOTION group performed the WATERinMOTION exercise programme with two weekly sessions of 55 minutes each. The control subjects did not participate in any physical exercises. They were asked to perform their routine activities during the study. Both programmes lasted one month. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), total body water (TBW), and free fat mass (FFM) were the anthropometric variables that were measured pre/post-study. The analysis found statistically significant differences in body weight (-0.7, P=0.004), BMI (-0.3, P=0.002), and FM (-0.6, P=0.03) between the pre and post measurements of the WATERinMOTION group. Moreover, the comparison of groups at post revealed a significant difference in body weight (P˂0.001), BMI (P˂0.001), TBW (P=0.005), FM (P˂0. 001), FFM (P=0.003), and WC (P=0.007). The WATERin- MOTION programme, which is not associated with nutritional monitoring, showed significant benefits for losing weight and the body composition of sedentary older women who are overweight and/or obese.
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