Modern economy is characterized by rapid qualitative and quantitative changes that significantly affect the nature of economic, socio-economic and social relations. Innovative processes and trends are very specific manifestations, which are reflected in the economic and marketing theory. A greater place in science and practice is occupied by the concepts of new economy, knowledge economy, knowledge society. Therefore, the study of knowledge economy marketing becomes more and more relevant.The paper is aimed to develop a technique for selection of the key parameters for building the model of national knowledge economy marketing.For this purpose, it is proposed to conduct a cluster analysis based on aggregated data. Classification of differences between clusters is given. As a result of classification, the authors have identified a group of indicators, which make all clusters distinctive and, first and foremost, determine positions of countries in the global landscape. These indicators are interpreted as key factors of the knowledge economy.Based on the suggested mathematical functions, the authors assessed the value of every key factor within the selected group. It became the second step in selecting the parameters to build a multifactor model of knowledge economy marketing at the national level. The paper also justifies that it is reasonable to use cognitive approach to address challenges in the sphere under consideration. This approach is able to become a sound basis for building the model of national knowledge economy marketing in the form of cognitive map.
The paradigm of "unlimited growth" capitalism leads to an aggravating the problem of a natural resource shortage, an increase in waste and general pollution of the Earth. The concept of a circular economy (CE) is an alternative to this; it implies a transition to closed production and consumption cycles. The purpose of the article is to supplement this concept with ideas of integrating several rationalizing production models of the CE building at the national production system level, taking into account the country's participation in international trade. These model production models are "flexible custom manufacturing", "distributed manufacturing" and "lean manufacturing", which also means the widespread involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises. The use of digital technologies for a new quality of communication, as well as the creation of sharing centers, in order to achieve greater organizational and technological complexity of the production system is required. The CE building must take into account the country's participation in international trade. Attention is focused on the fact that the CE will have a different effect on certain types of international trade, in particular, it will stimulate such trade as: materials for processing, secondary raw materials, technologies, projects of finished products, R&D services. Purposeful national and global policies, expansion of international cooperation and support of developing countries are needed in order to increase the positive contribution of international trade to СЕ building. Practical recommendations for the CE concept implementation are proposed, including the creation of: information infrastructure for production networks; digital platforms for interaction between producers and consumers; industrial parks, clusters and incubators for new industries, as well as technological, digital and organizational innovation stimulation.
The increased final consumption exacerbates the problem of the scarcity of natural resources and leads to environmental pollution. The concept of circular economy, which implies the formation of closed-loop chains of production and consumption with maximum regeneration and recycling of materials, is considered as an alternative to the firmly established “linear economy” (take-make-dispose). As a part of sustainable development strategy, the European Union adopted a general policy on the transition to a circular economy. However, for objective reasons, such transition is quite uneven at the level of member countries, which adversely affects the total progress. Therefore, the need arises to assess the positions of individual countries and identify major reasons for the uneven transition to support the countries that are lagging.The goal of the study is to identify the factors of uneven progress of the EU countries towards a circular economy. For that reason, a set of empirical data (20 indicators) has been compiled; cluster, classification, and parametric analyses have been conducted. As a result, three clusters of the EU countries have been obtained and six indicators, included into combinations that make all clusters different, have been identified. These indicators can be interpreted as the key factors contributing to the uneven progress of the EU countries towards a circular economy. The difference in harmonic means by clusters allowed quantitatively estimating a “circular gap”. It is of practical value for the EU policy aimed at bridging the gaps between member countries during the transition to a circular economy.
To carry out a comparative analysis of the EU countries’ national innovation systems (NIS), a feature vector has been compiled, covering three modules, namely, science, education, and innovation. The feature vector is a valid multidimensional data set of sixteen official statistics indices and two sub-indices of the Global Innovation Index. The development of a cognitive model for managing the NIS parameters required a preliminary three-stage empirical study to determine its elements. In the first stage, cluster analysis was performed (the k-means, metric – Euclidean distance algorithm was used). As a result, the EU countries were divided into four clusters (following multidimensional scaling estimates). In the second stage, a classification analysis (using decision trees) was carried out, which allowed determining three parameters that distinguish clusters (or classes) optimally. These parameters are recognized as important ones in terms of positioning the countries in the general ranking; that is, they can be considered as a priority for the NIS development and improving the countries’ positions in international comparisons. In the third stage, based on the authors’ approach, the significance (information content) of each key parameter is estimated. As a result, a cognitive model was compiled, taking into account the parameter significance. The model can be used in managing the NIS parameters, seeking to increase the system performance and improve the international position of a specific country. The model can also be used by partner countries, for example, Ukraine, as it demonstrates the landscape of EU innovative development and outlines the directions for priority development of NIS towards the European progress.
В статье акцентировано внимание на важности научных коммуникаций как обязательного атрибута науки, фактора ее результативности и развития. Цель статьи-представить структурную модель научных коммуникаций, которая может служить основой для описания их ландшафта: каналов, характеристик, помех, детерминант и пространства. Основу деятельности ученого составляют два взаимодополняющих процесса: 1) генерация и осмысливание собственных гипотез и мыслей; 2) диалог, взаимодействие с другими учеными для их обсуждения и взаимообогащения в познании. Наука рассматривается как творчество свободных личностей, а научная коммуникация предс тавлена как диалог с учетом условий (ландшафта), в которых она осуществляется. Ключевым элементом коммуникации является сообщение. В творчестве ученого уединение и обсуждение дополняют друг друга. Рассмотрены два вида научных коммуникаций: 1-коммуникации ученых в рамках научного сообщества; 2-коммуникации ученых с общественностью. Выделены разные цели этих видов коммуникаций. Отмечено, что у каждого вида коммуникации есть свои цели, характеристики, каналы и помехи. В совокупности они образуют ландшафт научных коммуникаций, охватывая разные целевые аудитории. Предложена структурная модель научных коммуникаций, которая описывает взаимодействие между коммуникаторами на основе их те заурусов и охватывает: возможные каналы, характеристики, помехи, проявления синергии. На основе модели показан диалог коммуникаторов с изменением тезауруса.
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