Purpose To investigate white matter alterations in post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) patients at the subacute stage employing diffusion kurtosis and tensor imaging. Methods Thirty PSCI patients at the subacute phase and 30 healthy controls (HC) underwent diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) scans and neuropsychological assessments. Based on the tract-based spatial statistics and atlas-based ROI analysis, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), mean kurtosis (MK), kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA), axial kurtosis (AK), and radial kurtosis (RK) were compared in specific white matter fiber bundles between the groups (with family-wise error correction). Adjusting for age and gender, a partial correlation was conducted between neurocognitive assessments and DKI metrics in the PSCI group. Results In comparison with the HC, PSCI patients significantly showed decreased MK, RK, and FA and increased MD values in the genu of corpus callosum, anterior limb internal capsule, and left superior corona radiata. In addition, DKI detected more white matter region changes in MK (31/48), KFA (40/48), and RK (25/48) than DTI with FA (28/48) and MD (21/48), which primarily consisted of the right cingulum, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and left posterior limb of internal capsule. In the left anterior limb of internal capsule, MK and RK values were significantly negatively correlated with TMT-B ( r = −0.435 and −0.414, P < 0.05), and KFA values ( r = −0.385, P < 0.05) of corpus callosum negatively associated with TMT-B. Conclusion Combing DTI, DKI, and neuropsychological tests, we found extensive damaged white matter microstructure and poor execution performance in subacute PSCI patients. DKI could detect more subtle white matter changes than DTI metrics. Our findings provide added information for exploring the mechanisms of PSCI and conducting cognitive rehabilitation in the subacute stage.
Background As a noninvasive tool, myocardial deformation imaging may facilitate the early detection of cardiac dysfunction. However, normal reference ranges of myocardial strain and strain rate (SR) based on large-scale East Asian populations are still lacking. This study aimed to provide reference values of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) strain and SR based on a large cohort of healthy Chinese adults using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking (FT). Methods Five hundred and sixty-six healthy Chinese adults (55.1% men) free of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were included. On cine CMR, biventricular global radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain (GRS, GCS, and GLS), and the peak radial, circumferential, and longitudinal systolic, and diastolic SRs (PSSRR, PSSRC, PSSRL, PDSRR, PDSRC, and PDSRL), and regional radial and circumferential strain at the basal, mid-cavity, and apical levels were measured. Associations of global and regional biventricular deformation indices with age and sex were investigated. Results Women demonstrated greater magnitudes of LV GRS (37.6 ± 6.1% vs. 32.1 ± 5.3%), GCS (− 20.7 ± 1.9% vs. − 18.8 ± 1.9%), GLS (− 17.8 ± 1.8% vs. − 15.6 ± 1.8%), RV GRS (25.1 ± 7.8% vs. 22.1 ± 6.7%), GCS (− 14.4 ± 3.6% vs. − 13.2 ± 3.2%), GLS (− 22.4 ± 5.2% vs. − 20.2 ± 4.6%), and biventricular peak systolic and diastolic SR in all three coordinate directions (all P < 0.05). For the LV, aging was associated with increasing amplitudes of GRS, GCS, and decreasing amplitudes of PDSRR, PDSRC, PDSRL (all P < 0.05). For the RV, aging was associated with an increase in the magnitudes of GRS, GCS, GLS, PSSRR, PSSRC, PSSRL, and a decrease in the magnitude of PDSRR, PDSRC (all P < 0.05). Biventricular radial and circumferential strain measurements at the basal, mid-cavity, and apical levels were all significantly related to age and sex in both sexes (all P < 0.05). Conclusions We provide age- and sex-specific normal values of biventricular strain and SR based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults with a broad age range. These results may be served as a reference standard for cardiac function assessment, especially for the Chinese population.
Background While reference values of left atrial (LA) deformation parameters in Western populations have been established, reference data in healthy Asian populations are limited. Purpose To establish age‐ and sex‐specific reference values for LA strain and strain rate (SR) based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults using magnetic resonance‐feature tracking (MR‐FT). Study Type Retrospective. Population Four hundred and eight healthy Chinese adults (220 males, aged 43.5 ± 11.5 years; 188 females, aged 45.3 ± 12.8 years). Field Strength/Sequence 1.5 T/balanced steady‐state free precession. Assessment Reservoir strain (εs), conduit strain (εe), booster strain (εa), peak positive SR (SRs), peak early negative SR (SRe), and peak late negative SR (SRa) were obtained by MR‐FT. Statistical Tests We used Shapiro–Wilk test, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, linear regression, and coefficient of determination (r2). Results Women demonstrated significantly greater LA strain (εs [%]: 44.0 ± 9.9 vs. 38.3 ± 8.7; εe [%]: 26.7 ± 8.0 vs. 22.3 ± 6.8; εa [%]: 17.3 ± 4.4 vs. 16.0 ± 3.8) and SR (SRs [/second]: 1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4; SRe [/second]: −2.5 ± 0.9 vs. −2.1 ± 0.7; SRa [/second]: −1.9 ± 0.6 vs. −1.8 ± 0.5) than men. For both sexes, aging was significantly associated with decreased εs, SRs, εe, and SRe (r2 = 0.07, r2 = 0.05, r2 = 0.19, and r2 = 0.24 for men; r2 = 0.13, r2 = 0.11, r2 = 0.31, and r2 = 0.46 for women), and significantly increased εa (r2 = 0.03 and r2 = 0.05 for men and women). There was no significant correlation between age and SRa in both sexes (P = 0.057 and P = 0.377 for men and women, respectively). Data Conclusion We provide age‐ and sex‐specific reference values for LA strain and SR based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults using MR‐FT. Level of Evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 5
The left and right atrial (LA and RA) volumes and function are tightly linked to the morbidity and mortality of multiple cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to establish cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) reference values for LA and RA volumes and phasic function based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults. 408 validated healthy Chinese adults (54% men; aged 21-70 years) were included. The atrial volumes: maximum, minimum, and pre-atrial contraction (Vmax, Vmin, and Vpac); atrial phasic emptying fractions: total, passive, and booster (EF total, EF passive, and EF booster); atrial phasic emptying volumes: total, passive, and active (TEV, PEV, and AEV); and atrial expansion index (EI) were measured. Normal reference values were calculated and were strati ed by sex (men and women) and age decades.The absolute LA and RA volumes and the indexed RA volumes were all greater in men. Women demonstrated higher LAEF total, LAEF booster, LAEI, RAEF total, RAEF passive, RAEF booster, and RAEI, while men had greater RATEV and RAAEV. Aging was positively correlated with the absolute and indexed LA and RA volumes, except for LA Vmax. LA and RA reservoir and conduit function including EF total, EI, EF passive, and PEV increased with age, while the atrial booster function (EF booster and AEV) decreased. We systematically provide age-and sex-speci c CMR reference values for LA, RA volumes and phasic function based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults with a wide age range. Both age and sex are closely associated with atrial volumes and function. 224. The scanning parameters for Magnetom Essenza, Siemens are as follows: repetition time = 4.38 ms, echo time = 1.37 ms, ip angle = 60°, eld of view = 275 mm × 340 mm, matric size = 224 × 256. Volumetric analysisVolumetric analysis was performed using commercial software (cvi42® version 5.12.1, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, Canada). All the basic information about subjects (including age, sex, etc.) was hidden during image analysis. LA endocardial contours were manually traced in the 2-and 4-chamber views excluding pulmonary veins and the LA appendage. RA endocardial contours were tracked in the 4chamber view, only. LA volumes and RA volumes were calculated using the previously validated biplane area-length and the single plane area-length method, respectively [21]. The maximum volume (Vmax), preatrial contraction volume (Vpac), and minimum volume (Vmin) for both LA and RA were assessed at ventricular end-systole, at ventricular diastole before atrial contraction, and at late ventricular diastole after atrial contraction, respectively (Fig. 1).Phasic atrial emptying fraction (EF), emptying volume (EV), and expansion index (EI) were calculated to characterize reservoir, conduit, and booster pump phases of the atrial function [15,22]: Reservoir function: Total emptying fraction (EF total) = Vmax -Vmin / Vmax × 100 Total emptying volume (TEV) = Vmax -Vmin Expansion index (EI) = TEV / Vmin Conduit function: Passive emptying fraction (EF passive) = Vmax -Vpac / Vmax × 100 P...
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