This study revisits the empirical question of the determinants of the choice between …xed-and adjustable-rate mortgages using more comprehensive data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) that overcome some of the data limitations in previous studies. The results from a Logit model of mortgage choice indicate that pricing variables and a¤ordability are important considerations. We also …nd that factors such as mobility expectations, income volatility, and attitudes toward …nancial risk largely in ‡uence mortgage choice, with more risk-averse borrowers preferring …xed-rate mortgages. For households that are less risk averse, the mortgage type choice decision is less sensitive to pricing variables and income volatility, and a¤ordability factors are not signi…cant. These …ndings provide empirical support that underscore the importance of attitudes toward risks in mortgage choice.

A set of universal descriptors which combines atomic properties with crystal fingerprint are presented to build interpretable models for elastic property prediction. Using the well-performed model, 100 materials with large predicted elastic moduli are screened out and then validated by the first-principles calculations. When performing projection analysis, we find that compounds with large and small elastic moduli are clearly divided into two parts by the average value of volume and atomization enthalpy (ΔH atomic ), and the relation between them is given by two discriminant equations, suggesting that compounds composed of elements with large ΔH atomic are potential large elastic moduli materials. Following this rule, we design several new stable materials like ReTcB 4 and ReB which have high elastic moduli. This method is valuable for high-throughput screening and material design.

We show in a simple model that households will choose 401(k) loans over other consumer loans if the opportunity cost of 401(k) loans-i.e., the foregone asset returns-is less than the cost of other loans, and that few households would carry high-cost consumer debt without fi rst utilizing 401(k) loans. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, however, we fi nd that households typically turn to 401(k) loans only after utilizing more expensive credit.

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