IntroductionPrior studies have reported that hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is accompanied by a myriad of physical and mental conditions. However, given the small sample sizes and the limited number of pre-selected comorbidities, these studies do not provide a complete picture of the comorbidity burden of HS in the USA. Moreover, the relationship between HS severity and comorbidity burden has yet to be characterized. Using a large US claims database, we estimated the comorbidity burden associated with HS, stratified by disease severity.MethodsA retrospective matched cohort design was used. Patients with HS were classified into two severity cohorts (milder and more severe) using an empirical algorithm based on treatments received. The comorbidity burden was compared between each HS cohort and their matched HS-free cohort, and between patients with milder vs. those with more severe forms of HS.ResultsSeveral physical and mental comorbidities were found to be more prevalent in both cohorts of patients with milder and more severe forms of HS than in their matched HS-free cohorts. The comorbidity burden also increased greatly as the disease progressed to more severe forms.ConclusionsThe results of this study highlight the complexity of the comorbidity burden of HS patients and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to optimize the management of HS and its numerous associated comorbidities.FundingAbbVie, Inc.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13555-018-0264-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
In Duan, Gauthier and Simonato (1999), an analytical approximate formula for European options in the GARCH framework was developed. The formula is however restricted to the nonlinear asymmetric GARCH model. This paper extends the same approach to two other important GARCH specifications-GJR-GARCH and EGARCH. We provide the corresponding formulas and study their numerical performance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.