Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell differentiation in or on the part of the body. The most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs are developed to target rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, but they also damage healthy epithelial cells. This has serious consequences for normal cells and become responsible for the development of various disorders. Several strategies for delivering the cytotoxic drugs to cancerous sites that limit systemic toxicity and other adverse effects have recently been evolved. Among them, biomolecule-conjugated metal complexes-based cancer targeting strategies have shown tremendous advantages in cancer therapy. This review focuses on several chemoselective biomolecules-bound metal complexes as prospective cancer therapy-targeted agents. In this review, we presented the details of the various extra- and intracellular targeting mechanisms in cancer therapy. We also addressed the current clinical issues and recent therapeutic strategies in targeted cancer therapy that may pave a way for the future direction of metal complexes-based targeted cancer therapy.
Due to biochemically
active secondary metabolites that assist in
the reduction, stabilization, and capping of nanoparticles, plant-mediated
nanoparticle synthesis is becoming more and more popular. This is
because it allows for ecologically friendly, feasible, sustainable,
and cost-effective green synthesis techniques. This study describes
the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with
histidine and phenylalanine using the Lippia abyssinica (locally called koseret) plant leaf extract. The functionalization
with amino acids was meant to enhance the biological activities of
the AgNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using
UV–Visible absorption (UV–Vis), powder X-ray diffraction
(pXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray
(EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface plasmonic resonance
(SPR) peak at about 433 nm confirmed the biosynthesis of the AgNPs.
FTIR spectra also revealed that the phytochemicals in the plant extract
were responsible for the capping of the biogenically synthesized AgNPs.
On the other hand, the TEM micrograph revealed that the morphology
of AgNP-His had diameters ranging from 5 to 14 nm. The antibacterial
activities of the synthesized nanoparticles against Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria showed a growth inhibition of 8.67 ±
1.25 and 11.00 ± 0.82 mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively,
at a concentration of 62.5 μg/mL AgNP-His. Moreover, the nanoparticle
has an antioxidant activity potential of 63.76 ± 1.25% at 250
μg/mL. The results showed that the green-synthesized AgNPs possess
promising antioxidant and antibacterial activities with the potential
for biological applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.